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Valid case report reference formats for JustCite

JustCite incorporates linking technology developed by Justis Publishing that recognises a string of characters as a citation of a document, and then locates and displays the appropriate data about that document.

You can use citations in the following formats in the Citation field on the Search In Cases screen, or on the Quick Search screen.

The citation formats for case reports that JustCite can recognise include:

Publication references
Neutral citations
Case names

If you see any of these references on a web page, then you can use the free J-Link legal research tool to convert them into links to information in JustCite.

Case reports – publication reference formats

It does not matter whether the reference includes full, partial or no punctuation; or is in upper, lower or mixed case. The page number (the last entity in the reference) can be any page number from the case report, not necessarily the first page.

The format of the data varies between products:

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Case reports – A

A’Beckett’s Reserved Judgments, New South Wales: Standard format:
(year) Res & EqJ page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1845) Res & EqJ 19
(1845) Res. & Eq.J. 19
Adam’s Justiciary Reports: Standard format:
volume Adam page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 Ad.Jus. 114
1 Adam 114
1 Adam's Justiciary Reports 114
Administrative Appeals Reports: Standard format:
volume AAR page
Examples of recognised formats:
35 AAR 299
35 A.A.R. 299
35 Administrative Appeals Reports 299
Administrative Court Digest (formerly Crown Office Digest): Standard format:
[year] ACD page
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 ACD 1
(2005) ACD 1
[2005] ACD 1
[2005] A C D 1
[2005] A.C.D. 1
[2005] A. C. D. 1
[2005] Administrative Court Digest 1
Adolphus & Ellis’ Queen’s Bench Reports, New Series: Standard format:
volume Ad & El (NS) page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 Ad & El (NS) 635
All England Commercial Cases: Standard format:
[year] volume All ER (Comm) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 1 All ER (Comm) 1
(1999) 1 All ER (Comm) 1
[1999] 1 All ER (Comm) 1
[1999] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 1
[1999] 1 All E. R. (Comm) 1
1999 1 All England Commercial Cases 1
(1999) 1 All England Commercial Cases 1
[1999] 1 All England Commercial Cases 1

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.
All England Digest: Examples of recognised formats:
[1999] All ER (D) 1
[2002] All ER (D) 414 (Jul)
All England European Cases: Standard format:
[year] volume All ER (EC) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 All ER (EC) 1
(1999) All ER (EC) 1
[1999] All ER (EC) 1
[1999] All E.R. (E.C.) 1
[1999] All E. R. (E. C.) 1
1999 All England European Cases 1
(1999) All England European Cases 1
[1999] All England European Cases 1
All England Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume All ER page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 2 All ER 210
(1996) 2 All ER 210
[1996] 2 All ER 210
[1996] 2 All E.R. 210
[1996] 2 All E. R. 210
1996 2 All England Law Reports 210
(1996) 2 All England Law Reports 210
[1996] 2 All England Law Reports 210

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.
All India Reporter: Standard format:
(year) AIR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1979 AIR 114
(1979) AIR 114
[1979] AIR 114
(1979) A.I.R. 114
(1979) All I.R. 114
(1979) All Ind.Rep. 114
(1979) All India Rptr. 114
(1979) All India Reporter 114
All India Reporter, Bombay Series: Standard format:
(year) AIR(Bom) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1947 AIR(Bom) 272
(1947) AIR(Bom) 272
[1947] AIR(Bom) 272
(1947) A.I.R.B. 272
(1947) AIR Bom 272
(1947) A.I.R.Bom. 272
(1947) All India Reporter, Bombay Series 272
All India Reporter, Supreme Court: Standard format:
[year] AIRSC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1964 AIRSC 1658
(1964) AIRSC 1658
[1964] AIRSC 1658
[1964] A.I.R.S.C. 1658
[1964] AIR SC 1658
[1964] AIR(SC) 1658
[1964] AIR (SC) 1658
[1964] All India Reporter, Supreme Court 1658
American Maritime Cases: Standard format:
year AMC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1964 AMC 760
(1964) AMC 760
[1964] AMC 760
1964 A M C 760
1964 A.M.C. 760
1964 Am.Mar.Cas. 760
1964 American Maritime Cases 760
Arizona Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Ariz page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1987) 156 Ariz 375
(1987) 156 Ariz. 375
Arkley’s Justiciary Reports: Standard format:
volume Ark page
Examples of recognised formats:
208 Ark 1093
208 Ark. 1093
208 Arkley 1093
Arnold’s Common Pleas Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Arnold page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1838) 1 Arn 85
(1838) 1 Arn. 85
(1838) 1 Arnold 85
Aspinall’s Maritime Cases: Standard format:
volume Asp Mar Law Cas page
Examples of recognised formats:
14 AspMLC 207
14 ASP MLC 207
14 ASP M L C 207
14 Asp Mar Law Cas 207
14 Asp.M.L.C. 207
14 Asp. M.L.C. 207
14 Asp.Mar.Law Cas. 207
14 Aspinall's Maritime Cases 207
Atlantic Reporter: Standard format:
(year) volume Atl page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1886) 6 A 415
(1886) 6 A. 415
(1886) 6 At. 415
(1886) 6 Atl 415
(1886) 6 Atl. 415
Atlantic Reporter, Second Series: Standard format:
volume A (2d) page
Examples of recognised formats:
531 A (2d) 206
Australian Bankruptcy Cases: Standard format:
volume ABC page
Examples of recognised formats:
8 ABC 161
8 A.B.C. 161
8 Aust.Bankr.Cas. 161
8 Austl.Bankr.Cas. 161
8 Austr.B.C. 161
8 Australian Bankruptcy Cases 161
Australian Capital Territory Reports: Standard format:
volume ACTR page
Examples of recognised formats:
50 ACTR 1
50 A.C.T.R. 1
50 Australian Capital Territory Reports 1
Australian Criminal Reports: Standard format:
volume ACrimR page
Examples of recognised formats:
75 ACR 588
75 ACrimR 588
75 A Crim R 588
75 A.Crim.R. 588
75 Australian Criminal Reports 588
Australian Digest: Standard format:
volume AD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1912 AD 92
1912 A D 92
1912 A.D. 92
1912 Aust. Digest 92
1912 Australian Digest 92
Australian Family Law Cases: Standard format:
(year) FLC page-range
Examples of recognised formats:
(2002) AFLC 93-112
(2002) Australian Family Law Cases 93-112
(2002) FLC 93-112
(2002) F.L.C. 93-112
Australian Intellectual Property Cases: Standard format:
(year) AIPC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1991 AIPC 90
(1991) AIPC 90
[1991] AIPC 90
(1991) Australian Intellectual Property Cases 90
Australian Law Journal Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume ALR page
Examples of recognised formats:
71 ALJR 903
1997 71 ALJR 903
(1997) 71 ALJR 903
(1997) 71 A L J R 903
(1997) 71 A.L.J.R. 903
(1997) 71 Aust.L.J.R. 903
(1997) 71 Austl.L.J.Rep. 903
(1997) 71 Australian Law Journal Reports 903

The year is optional.
Australian Law Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume ALR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1984 51 ALR 609
(1984) 51 ALR 609
(1984) 51 A L R 609
(1984) 51 A.L.R. 609
(1984) 51 A. L. R. 609
(1984) 51 Australian Law Reports 609

The year is optional.
Australian Tax Cases: Standard format:
(year) ATC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 ATC 4430
(1995) ATC 4430
[1995] ATC 4430
(1995) A T C 4430
(1995) A.T.C. 4430
(1995) Australian Tax Cases 4430
Standard format:
volume ATC page
Examples of recognised formats:
96 ATC 5046
96 A T C 5046
96 A.T.C. 5046
96 Australian Tax Cases 5046
Australian Tax Decisions: Standard format:
volume ATD page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 ATD 229
2 A.T.D. 229
2 Aust.Tax D. 229
2 Austl.Tax 229
2 Austr.Tax.D. 229
2 Australian Tax Decisions 229
Australian Trade Practices Reporter Cases and Decisions Digest: Standard format:
(year) ATPR page-range
Examples of recognised formats:
(1993) ATPR 46-113
(1993) ATPR(Digest) 46-113
(1993) Australian Trade Practices Reporter Cases and Decisions Digest 46-113
Australian Trade Practices Reports: Standard format:
[year] ATPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 ATPR 742
(2000) ATPR 742
[2000] ATPR 742
[2000] A.T.P. 742
[2000] A.T.P.R. 742
[2000] Australian Trade Practices Reports 742

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Case reports – B

Ball & Beatty’s Reports: Standard format:
volume Ball & B page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 B & B 298
1 B.& B. 298
1 Ba.& B. 298
1 Ball & B 298
1 Ball & B. 298
Banking Law Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Bank LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1997 6 Bank LR 132
(1997) 6 Bank LR 132
[1997] 6 Bank LR 132
(1997) 6 Bank.L.R. 132
(1997) 6 Bank. L.R. 132
(1997) 6 Bank. L. R. 132
1997 6 Banking Law Reports 132
(1997) 6 Banking Law Reports 132
[1997] 6 Banking Law Reports 132
Bankruptcy & Company Reports: Standard format:
[year] B & CR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1928] B & CR 142
[1928] B. & C.R. 142
Bankruptcy and Personal Insolvency Reports: Standard format:
[year] BPIR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 BPIR 733
(2001) BPIR 733
[2001] BPIR 733
[2001] B P I R 733
[2001] B.P.I.R. 733
[2001] B. P. I. R. 733
(2001) Bankruptcy and Personal Insolvency Reports 733
[2001] Bankruptcy and Personal Insolvency Reports 733
Beatty’s Irish Chancery Reports: Standard format:
(year) Beat page
Examples of recognised formats:
1829 Beat 386
(1829) Beat 386
[1829] Beat 386
(1829) Beat. 386
(1829) Beatt. 386
(1829) Beatty 386
(1829) Beatty Ir.Ch. 386
(1829) Beatty's Irish Chancery Reports 386
Bell’s House of Lords Appeal Cases: Standard format:
(year) volume Bell's App page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1846) 5 Bell Ap.Ca. 139
(1846) 5 Bell App. 139
(1846) 5 Bell App.Cas. 139
(1846) 5 Bell App.(Sc.) 139
(1846) 5 Bell's App 139
Black’s Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Black page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 Black 635
2 Black's Supreme Court Reports 635
Bosanquet & Puller’s New Reports, Common Pleas: Standard format:
(year) volume Bos & P (NR) page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1805) 1 Bos & P (NR) 313
British Columbia Appeal Cases: Standard format:
volume BCAC page
Examples of recognised formats:
32 BCAC 221
32 B.C.A.C. 221
32 British Columbia Appeal Cases 221
British Columbia Law Reports: Standard format:
volume BCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
16 BCLR 64
16 B.C.L.R. 64
16 British Columbia Law Reports 64
British Columbia Reports: Standard format:
volume BCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
53 BCR 140
53 B.C.R. 140
53 B.C.Rep. 140
53 British Columbia Reports 140
British Columbia Weekly Law Digest: Standard format:
[year] BCWLD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 BCWLD 1448
(1995) BCWLD 1448
[1995] BCWLD 1448
[1995] B.C.W.L.D. 1448
[1995] British Columbia Weekly Law Digest 1448
British Company Cases: Standard format:
[year] BCC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 BCC 506
(1993) BCC 506
[1993] BCC 506
[1993] B C C 506
[1993] B.C.C. 506
[1993] B. C. C. 506
[1993] British Company Cases 506
[1993] British Company Law Cases 506
Standard format:
(year) volume BCC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1989 5 BCC 506
(1989) 5 BCC 259
[1989] 5 BCC 506
(1989) 5 B C C 506
(1989) 5 B.C.C. 506
(1989) 5 B. C. C. 506
(1989) 5 British Company Cases 506
(1989) 5 British Company Law Cases 506
British Tax Cases: Standard format:
[year] BTC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2004 BTC 5357
(2004) BTC 5357
[2004] BTC 5357
[2004] B T C 5357
[2004] B.T.C. 5357
[2004] B. T. C. 5357
2004 British Tax Cases 5357
(2004) British Tax Cases 5357
[2004] British Tax Cases 5357
British VAT Cases: Standard format:
[year] BVC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 BVC 4078
(2002) BVC 4078
[2002] BVC 4078
[2002] B V C 4078
[2002] B.V.C. 4078
[2002] B. V. C. 4078
2002 British VAT Cases 4078
(2002) British VAT Cases 4078
[2002] British VAT Cases 4078
2002 British Value Added Tax Cases 4078
(2002) British Value Added Tax Cases 4078
[2002] British Value Added Tax Cases 4078
Broun’s Justiciary Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Broun page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1842) 1 Broun 152
(1842) 1 Broun Just. 152
Buck’s Cases in Bankruptcy: Standard format:
Buck page
Examples of recognised formats:
Buck 531
Buck Bankr. 531
Buck Cas. 531
Building Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] BLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 BLR 1
(2006) BLR 309
[2006] BLR 309
[2006] B L R 309
[2006] B.L.R. 309
[2006] B. L. R. 309
[2006] Building Law Reports 309
Business Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] Bus LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 Bus LR 188
(2007) Bus LR 188
[2007] Bus LR 188
[2007] Bus.LR 188
[2007] Business Law Reports 188
Standard format:
[year] Bus LR Digest page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 Bus LR Digest 13
(2007) Bus LR Digest 13
[2007] Bus LR Digest 13
[2007] Bus.LR Digest 13
2007 Bus LR Digest D13
(2007) Bus LR Digest D13
[2007] Bus LR Digest D13
[2007] Bus.LR Digest D13
2007 Bus LR D13
(2007) Bus LR D13
[2007] Bus LR D13
[2007] Bus.LR D13
Butterworths Company Law Cases: Standard format:
[year] volume BCLC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 BCLC 36
(2000) 1 BCLC 36
[2000] BCLC 36
[2000] 1 BCLC 36
[2000] 1 B.C.L.C. 36
[2000] 1 B. C. L. C. 36
2000 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
(2000) 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
[2000] 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
[2000] Butterworths Company Law Cases 36

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.
Butterworths Current Law: Standard format:
[year] BCL page
Examples of recognised formats:
2003 BCL 377
(2003) BCL 377
[2003] BCL 377
[2003] Butterworths Current Law 377
Butterworths Human Rights Cases: Standard format:
(year) volume BHRC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 8 BHRC 1
(2000) 8 BHRC 1
(2000) 8 B H R C 1
(2000) 8 B.H.R.C. 1
(2000) 8 B. H. R. C. 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths HR Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H R Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H.R. Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H. R. Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths Human Rights Cases 1
[2000] 8 Butterworths Human Rights Cases 1
Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume BMLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 35 BMLR 79
(1996) 35 BMLR 79
[1996] 35 BMLR 79
(1996) 35 B M L R 79
(1996) 35 B.M.L.R. 79
(1996) 35 B. M. L. R. 79
(1996) 35 Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports 79
[1996] 35 Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports 79

The year is optional.
Butterworths Property Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume BPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1988] 4 B.P.R. 9534
(1988) 4 BPR 9534
[1988] 4 CONBPR 9534
Butterworths Trading Law Cases: Standard format:
[year] BTLC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1986 BTLC 324
(1986) BTLC 324
[1986] BTLC 324
[1986] Butterworths Trading Law Cases 324

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Case reports – C

Cababe & Ellis’ Queen’s Bench Reports: Standard format:
(year) Cab & El page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1884) C.& E. 412
(1884) Cab & El 412
(1884) Cab.& E. 412
(1884) CB & EL 412
Calcutta Weekly Notes: Standard format:
(year) volume CWN page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1909) 14 Cal.W.N. 59
(1909) 14 Calc.W.N. 59
(1909) 14 Calcutta W.N. 59
(1909) 14 Calcutta WN 59
(1909) 14 CWN 59
Caldecott’s Magistrates’ and Settlement Cases: Standard format:
(volume) CCLT page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1779) Cald. 31
(1779) Cald.J.P. 31
(1779) CaldMCas. 31
(1779) Cald.M.Cas. 31
(1779) CaldMagCas 31
(1779) Cald.Mag.Cas 31
(1779) Cald.Set.Cas. 31
(1779) Caldecott's Magistrates' and Settlement Cases 31
California Appellate Reports, Second Series: Standard format:
[year] volume Cal App 2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1957] 150 Cal App 671
[1957] 150 Cal App 2d 671
[1957] 150 Cal.App. 671
California Appellate Reports, Third Series: Standard format:
(year) volume Cal App 3d page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1983) 147 Cal App 3d 1006
(1983) 147 Cal App 3d Supp 1006
(1983) 147 Cal.App. 1006
(1983) 147 Cal.App.3d.Supp. 1006
California Reporter: Standard format:
(year) volume Cal Rptr page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1976) 131 Cal Rptr 854
(1976) 131 Cal.Rptr. 854
(1976) 131 CalRptr 854
(1976) 131 California Reporter 854
California Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Cal page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1919) 180 Cal 748
(1919) 180 Cal. 748
California Reports, Second Series: Standard format:
(year) volume Cal 2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1968) 68 Cal 2d 728
(1968) 68 Cal. 2d 728
California Reports, Fourth Series: Standard format:
(year) volume Cal 4th page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1993) 5 Cal 4th 725
(1993) 5 Cal. 4th 725
Canada Law Reports, Exchequer Court: Standard format:
[year] Ex CR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1970] Ex CR 427
[1970] Ex.C.R. 427
[1970] Exch.C. 427
[1970] Exch.Can. 427
[1970] Exch.Ct.(Can.) 427
Canadian Cases on the Law of Torts: Standard format:
volume CCLT page
Examples of recognised formats:
15 CCLT 216
15 C.C.L.T. 216
15 Canadian Cases on the Law of Torts 216
Canadian Criminal Cases: Standard format:
volume CCC page
Examples of recognised formats:
60 CCC 254
60 C.C.C. 254
60 Can.Cr.Cas. 254
60 Can Crim Cas 254
60 Can.Crim.Cas. 254
60 Can. Crim. Cas. 254
60 Canadian Criminal Cases 254
Canadian Intellectual Property Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume CIPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1988) 19 CIPR 25
(1988) 19 C.I.P.R. 25
Canadian Native Law Reporter: Standard format:
(year) volume CNLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1933) 35 C.N.L.R. 244
(1933) 35 CNLR 244
(1933) 35 Can.Native L.Rep. 244
Canadian Railway Cases: Standard format:
volume CRC page
Examples of recognised formats:
13 CRC 541
13 C.R.C. 541
13 Can.R.Cas. 541
13 Can.Ry.Cas. 541
13 Canadian Railway Cases 541
Canadian Railway and Transport Cases: Standard format:
volume CRTC page
Examples of recognised formats:
75 CRTC 1
75 C.R.T.C. 1
75 Can.Ry.& T.Cas. 1
75 Canadian Railway and Transport Cases 1
Canadian Rights Reporter: Standard format:
volume CRR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 CRR 314
2 C.R.R. 314
2 Canadian Rights Reporter 314
Carswell’s Practice Cases: Standard format:
volume CPC page
Examples of recognised formats:
34 CPC 24
34 C.P.C. 24
34 Carswell's Practice Cases 24
Cayman Islands Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] CILR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 CILR 157
(1996) CILR 157
[1996] CILR 157
[1996] C.I.L.R. 157
[1996] CIR 157
[1996] Cayman Islands Law Reports 157
Ceylon Weekly Reporter: Standard format:
(year) volume CWR page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1917) 4 CWR 406
(1917) 4 C.W.R. 406
Chitty’s Practice Reports: Standard format:
volume Chit page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 Chit 155
2 Chit. 155
2 Chit.B.C. 155
2 Chit.R. 155
2 Chitt. 155
2 Chitty 155
2 Chitty.B.C. 155
2 Chitty's Practice Reports 155
Civil Practice Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] CPLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 CPLR 630
(1999) CPLR 630
[1999] C P L R 630
[1999] C.P.L.R. 630
[1999] C. P. L. R. 630
[1999] Civil Practice Law Reports 630
Civil Procedure Reports: Standard format:
[year] CP Rep page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 CP Rep 103
(2001) CP Rep 103
[2001] CP Rep 103
[2001] C.P. Rep. 103
[2001] Civil Procedure Reports 103
Clark & Finnelly’s House of Lords Cases: Standard format:
volume C & F page
Examples of recognised formats:
12 C & F 109
12 C.& F. 109
12 Cl & F 109
12 Cl.& F. 109
12 Clark & Fin. 109
(1845) 12 C & F 109

The year is optional.
Commercial Cases: Standard format:
(year) volume Com Cas page
Examples of recognised formats:
1923 29 Com Cas 19
(1923) 29 Com Cas 19
[1923] 29 Com Cas 19
(1923) 29 Com.Cas. 19
(1923) 29 Com. Cas. 19
(1923) 29 Commercial Cases 19

The year is optional.
Commercial Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] Com LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1981 Com LR 138
(1981) Com LR 138
[1981] Com LR 138
[1981] Com.L.R. 138
[1981] Com. L.R. 138
[1981] Comm LR 138
[1981] Commercial Law Reports 138
Common Market Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume CMLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 5 CMLR 219
(1996) 5 CMLR 219
[1996] 5 CMLR 219
[1996] 5 C M L R 219
[1996] 5 C.M.L.R. 219
[1996] 5 C. M. L. R. 219
[1996] 5 Common Market Law Reports 219
1968 CMLR D13
(1968) C.M.L.R. D13
[1968] C.M.L.R. D13
[1968] C. M. L. R. D13
[1968] Common Market Law Reports D13
Commonwealth Law Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume CLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
95 CLR 43
1955 95 CLR 43
(1955) 95 CLR 43
(1955) 95 C L R 43
(1955) 95 C.L.R. 43
(1955) 95 C. L. R. 43
(1955) 95 CommonwLR 43
(1955) 95 Commonw LR 43
(1955) 95 Commonw L R 43
(1955) 95 Commonw.L.R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonw. L.R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonw. L. R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonwealth Law Reports 43
Competition Appeal Reports: Standard format:
[year] Comp AR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2003 Comp AR 13
(2003) Comp AR 13
[2003] Comp AR 13
[2003] CompAR 13
[2003] Comp. A.R. 13
[2003] Competition Appeal Reports 13
Connecticut Supplement: Standard format:
(year) volume Conn Supp page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1962) 23 Conn Supp 256
(1962) 23 Conn.Supp. 256
Connoly’s New York Surrogate Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Con page
Examples of recognised formats:
64 Con 117
64 Con. 117
64 Connoly's New York Surrogate Court Reports 117
Connor & Lawson’s Irish Chancery Reports: Standard format:
volume C & L page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 C & L 131
2 C.& L. 131
2 Con & Law 131
2 Con.& Law. 131
2 Connor & L. 131
Construction Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume Con LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 107 ConLR 1
(2006) 107 ConLR 1
[2006] 107 ConLR 1
[2006] 107 Con LR 1
[2006] 107 Con L R 1
[2006] 107 Con.L.R. 1
[2006] 107 Con. L. R. 1
[2006] 107 Construction LR 1
[2006] 107 Construction L R 1
[2006] 107 Construction L.R. 1
[2006] 107 Construction L. R. 1
[2006] 107 Construction Law Rep 1
[2006] 107 Construction Law Rep. 1
[2006] 107 Construction Law Reports 1
Consumer Credit Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume CCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 3 CCLR 122
(2000) 3 CCLR 122
[2000] 3 CCLR 122
[2000] 3 C C L R 122
[2000] 3 C.C.L.R. 122
[2000] 3 C. C. L. R. 122
[2000] Consumer Credit Law Reports 122
Costs Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume Costs LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2002] 1 Costs LR 128
[2002] 1 Costs L.R. 128
[2002] 1 Costs Law Reports 128
Couper’s Justiciary Reports: Standard format:
volume Coup page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 Coup 457
1 Coup. 457
1 Couper 457
1 Couper's Justiciary Reports 457
Court of Criminal Appeal: Standard format:
[year] HCJAC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 HCJAC 56
(2006) HCJAC 56
[2006] HCJAC 56
[2006] Court of Criminal Appeal 56
Criminal Appeal Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume CrAppR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 CrAppR 10
(1995) 2 CrAppR 10
[1995] 2 CrAppR 10
[1995] 2 CrApp R 10
[1995] 2 Cr App R 10
[1995] 2 Cr.App.R 10
[1995] 2 Cr.App.R. 10
[1995] 2 Cr. App. R. 10
[1995] 2 Criminal Appeal Reports 10
Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) (from 1996 onwards): Standard format:
[year] volume CrAppR(S) page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1996] 1 CrAppRS 94
[1996] 1 CrAppR S 94
1996 1 CrAppR(S) 94
(1996) 1 CrAppR(S) 94
[1996] 1 CrAppR(S) 94
[1996] 1 CrAppR (S) 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.RS 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.R S 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.R.S. 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.R(S.) 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.R. S. 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.R. (S.) 94
[1996] 1 Cr. App. R. S. 94
[1996] 1 Cr. App. R. (S.) 94
[1996] 1 Criminal Appeal Reports Sentencing 94
[1996] 1 Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) 94
Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) (from 1979 to 1995): Standard format:
(year) volume CrAppR(S) page
NOTE: (year) is optional
Examples of recognised formats:
4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
1982 4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
[1982] 4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
(1982) 4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
(1982) 4 Cr. App. R. (S.) 100
(1982) 4 Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) 100
Criminal Reports, Canada: Standard format:
volume CR page
Examples of recognised formats:
20 CR 137
20 C.R. 137
20 Can.Cr.R. 137
20 Can.Crim. 137
20 Can.Crim.Cas.Ann. 137
20 CanCrR 137
20 CanCrim 137
20 Criminal Reports, Canada 137
Criminal Reports, Fifth Series: Standard format:
(year) volume CR (5th) page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1998) 21 CR (5th) 1
Criminal Reports, New Series: Standard format:
volume CRNS page
Examples of recognised formats:
34 CR (NS) 207
34 CRNS 207
34 C.R.N.S. 207
34 Can.Crim.Cas.(N.S.) 207
34 Criminal Reports, New Series 207
Crown Office Digest: Standard format:
[year] COD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 COD 525
(1999) COD 525
[1999] COD 525
[1999] C O D 525
[1999] C.O.D. 525
[1999] C. O. D. 525
[1999] Crown Office Digest 525
Current Law Year Book: Standard format:
[year] CLY page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1977] C.L. 972
[1977] C.L.Y. 972
[1977] C.L.Y.B. 972
[1977] CLY 972
Cushing’s Massachusetts Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Cushing page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1850) 5 Cush 295
(1850) 5 Cush. 295
(1850) 5 Cushing 295

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Case reports – D

Daily Cases: Standard format:
dd/mm/yyyy Daily Cases
Examples of recognised formats:
21/12/2001 Daily Cases

This format will display a list of the cases for the specified day.
De Gex’s Bankruptcy Reports: Standard format:
De G page
Examples of recognised formats:
De G 190
De G. 190
De G.Bankr. 190
De Gex 190
D.G. 190
De Gex's Bankruptcy Reports 190
De-Rating & Rating Appeals: Standard format:
(year) volume DRA page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1935) 6 D.R. 49
(1935) 6 D.R.A. 49
(1935) 6 DR 49
(1935) 6 DRA 49
(1935) 6 R.D.A. 49
Deacon’s Bankruptcy Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Deac page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1838) 3 Deac 169
(1838) 3 Deac. 169
(1838) 3 Deacon 169
(1838) 3 Deacon Bankr.Cas. 169
Deacon & Chitty’s Bankruptcy Reports: Standard format:
volume Deac & C page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 D.& C. 271
2 D.& Ch. 271
2 Deac & C 271
2 Deac & Ch 271
2 Deac.& Ch. 271
Dominion Law Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume DLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1947 4 DLR 67
(1947) 4 DLR 67
[1947] 4 DLR 67
(1947) 4 D L R 67
(1947) 4 D.L.R. 67
(1947) 4 D. L. R. 67
(1947) 4 DomLR 67
(1947) 4 Dom L R 67
(1947) 4 Dominion Law Reports 67
Standard format:
(year) volume DLR (series no.) page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 203 DLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 DLR (4th) 128
[2001] 203 DLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D L R (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D.L.R. (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D. L. R. (4th) 128
(2001) 203 DomLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 Dom L R (4th) 128
(2001) 203 Dominion Law Reports (4th) 128
Dominion Tax Cases: Standard format:
volume D.T.C. page
Examples of recognised formats:
83 D.T.C. 5041
83 Dominion Tax Cases 5041
Dowling & Ryland’s King’s Bench Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Dow & Ry KB page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1825) 5 D.& R. 489
(1825) 5 Dow & Ry KB 489
(1825) 5 Dow.& Ry.K.B. 489
(1825) 5 Dowl.& R. 489
(1825) 5 Dowl.& Ryl. 489
Dowling & Ryland’s Nisi Prius Cases: Standard format:
(year) volume Dow & Ry page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1823) 2 D.& R.N.P. 358
(1823) 2 Dow & Ry 358
(1823) 2 Dow & Ry N P 358
(1823) 2 Dow & Ry NP 358
(1823) 2 Dow.& Ry.N.P. 358
Dowling’s Practice Cases: Standard format:
volume Dowl page
Examples of recognised formats:
9 Dow. 971
9 Dow.P.R. 971
9 Dowl 971
9 Dowl. 971
9 Dowl.P.C. 971
9 Dowl.P.R. 971
9 Dowl.Pr. 971
9 Dowl.Pr.Cas. 971
9 D.P.C. 971
9 Dowling's Practice Cases 971
Drury & Warren’s Irish Chancery Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume Dr & War page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1842) 2 D.& W. 287
(1842) 2 D.& War. 287
(1842) 2 Dr & War 287
(1842) 2 Dr.& War. 287
(1842) 2 Drury & War. 287
Drury’s Irish Chancery Reports tempore Sugden: Standard format:
volume Dru page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 Dr & Sug 55
1 Dr.& Sug. 55
1 Dru 55
1 Dru. 55
Dunlop, Bell & Murray’s Reports, Second Series Session Cases: Standard format:
volume Dunl page
Examples of recognised formats:
16 D. 490
16 Dunl 490
16 Dunl. 490
16 Dunlop, Bell & Murray's Reports, Second Series Session Cases 490
Durnford & East’s Term Reports, King’s Bench: Standard format:
(year) volume Durn & E page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1788) 2 D & E 763
(1788) 2 D.& E. 763
(1788) 2 Durn & E 763
(1788) 2 Durn.& E. 763
(1788) 2 Term Rep. 763

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Case reports – E

East Africa Protectorate Law Reports: Standard format:
volume EALR page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 EALR 70
5 E.A.L.R. 70
5 E.A.P.L.R. 70
5 E.A.Prot.L.R. 70
5 E.Afr.L.R. 70
5 Hamilton 70
5 L.R.E.A. 70
5 East Africa Protectorate Law Reports 70
Eastern Africa Court of Appeal Reports: Standard format:
[year] EACA page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1957] EACA 104
[1957] E.A.C.A. 104
[1957] East Af. 104
[1957] Eastern Africa Court of Appeal Reports 104
Eastern District Local Division Cases of the Supreme Court: Standard format:
year EDL page
Examples of recognised formats:
1923 E.D.L. 216
1923 East DL 216
1923 East.D.L. 216
1923 EDL 216
Ecclesiastical Law Journal (UK): Standard format:
(year) volume Ecc LJ page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1998) 5 Ecc LJ 217
(1998) 5 Ecc.L.J. 217
(1998) 5 EccLJ 217
Education Case Reports: Standard format:
[year] Ed CR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 Ed CR 117
(2000) Ed CR 117
[2000] Ed CR 117
[2000] Ed C R 117
[2000] Ed.C.R. 117
[2000] Ed. C.R. 117
[2000] Ed. C. R. 117
[2000] Education Case Reports 117
Education Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] ELR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2004] ELR 71
[2004] E.L.R. 71
Elchies: Standard format:
(year) volume Elchies page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1736) 1 Elch 3
(1736) 1 Elch. 3
(1736) 1 Elchies 3
Electronic Business Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] EBLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 EBLR 104
(2001) EBLR 104
[2001] EBLR 104
[2001] Electronic Business Law Reports 104
Employment Law Reports (UK): Standard format:
[year] EmpLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2001] EmpLR 2002/96
[2001] Employment Law Reports (UK) 2002/96
English Reports: Standard format:
volume Eng. Rep. page
Examples of recognised formats:
98 er 201
98 ER 201
98 E.R. 201
98 E. R. 201
98 EngRep 201
98 Eng Rep 201
98 Eng.Rep. 201
98 Eng. Rep. 201
98 English Reports 201
Entertainment and Media Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] EMLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 EMLR 15
(2005) EMLR 15
[2005] EMLR 15
[2005] E M L R 15
[2005] E.M.L.R. 15
[2005] E. M. L. R. 15
[2005] Entertainment and Media Law Reports 1
Environmental Health Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] EHLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 EHLR 154
(2000) EHLR 154
[2000] EHLR 154
[2000] E H L R 154
[2000] E.H.L.R. 154
[2000] E. H. L. R. 154
[2000] Environmental Health Law Reports 154
Environmental Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] Env LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] EnvLR 15
2006 Env LR 15
(2006) Env LR 15
[2006] Env LR 15
[2006] Env.L.R. 15
[2006] Env. L.R. 15
[2006] Env. L. R. 15
[2006] Environmental Law Reports 15
Equal Opportunities Cases: Standard format:
(year) EOC page-range
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 EOC 93-119
(2001) EOC 93-119
[2001] EOC 93-119
(2001) Equal Opportunities Cases 93-119
Estates Gazette Case Summaries: Standard format:
[year] EGCS page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 EGCS 114
(2000) EGCS 114
[2000] EGCS 114
[2000] E G C S 114
[2000] E.G.C.S. 114
[2000] E. G. C. S. 114
[2000] Estates Gazette Case Summaries 114
Estates Gazette Digest of Cases: Standard format:
[year] EGD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1983 EGD 1071
(1983) EGD 1071
[1983] EGD 1071
[1983] E G D 1071
[1983] E.G.D. 1071
[1983] E. G. D. 1071
[1983] Est.Gaz.Dig. 1071
[1983] Estates Gazette Digest of Cases 1071
Estates Gazette Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume EGLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 EGLR 134
(1995) 2 EGLR 134
[1995] 2 EGLR 134
[1995] 2 E G L R 134
[1995] 2 E.G.L.R. 134
[1995] 2 E. G. L. R. 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette LR 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette L R 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette L.R. 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette Law Reports 134
European Commercial Cases: Standard format:
[year] ECC page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1999] ECC 254
[1999] E.C.C. 254
European Community Cases: Standard format:
[year] CEC page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1998] CEC 955
[1998] C.E.C. 955
[1998] European Community Cases 955
European Copyright and Design Reports: Standard format:
[year] ECDR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 ECDR 305
(2006) ECDR 305
[2006] ECDR 305
[2006] E C D R 305
[2006] E.C.D.R. 305
[2006] E. C. D. R. 305
[2006] European Copyright and Design Reports 305
European Court of Human Rights Cases: Standard format:
[year] ECHR case/year of application
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 ECHR 70665/01
(2005) ECHR 70665/01
[2005] ECHR 70665/01
[2005] E C H R 70665/01
[2005] E.C.H.R. 70665/01
[2005] E. C. H. R. 70665/01
(2005) European Court of Human Rights Cases 70665/01
[2005] European Court of Human Rights Cases 70665/01
Standard format:
ECHR case number/year - date
Examples of recognised formats:
ECHR case 63478/2000 - 08/01/2008
E.C.H.R. case 63478/2000 - 08/01/2008
Standard format:
ECHR case date
Examples of recognised formats:
ECHR case 19/4/2001 [gives a list of cases for the specified date]
E.C.H.R. case 19/4/2001
European Court Reports, Reports of European Staff Cases: Standard format:
[year] volume ECR-SC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2004 ECR-SC IA-43
(2004) ECR-SC IA-43
[2004] ECR-SC IA-43
[2004] ECR SC IA-43
[2004] E.C.R.-S.C. IA-43
[2004] European Court Reports, Reports of European Staff Cases IA-43
European Human Rights Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume EHRR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2008 46 EHRR 65
(2008) 46 EHRR 65
[2008] 46 EHRR 65
(2008) 46 E H R R 65
(2008) 46 E.H.R.R. 65
(2008) 46 E. H. R. R. 65
(2008) 46 European Human Rights Reports 65
European Human Rights Reports, Commission Decisions: Standard format:
[year] volume EHRR CD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 20 EHRR CD 6
(1996) 20 EHRR CD 6
[1996] 20 EHRR CD 6
[1996] 20 E H R R CD 6
[1996] 20 E.H.R.R. CD 6
[1996] 20 E. H. R. R. CD 6
[1996] 20 European Human Rights Reports CD 6
European Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] Eu LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1998] EuLR 507
1998 Eu LR 507
(1998) Eu LR 507
[1998] Eu LR 507
[1998] Eu.L.R. 507
[1998] Eu. L.R. 507
[1998] European Law Reports 507
European National Patent Reports: Standard format:
[year] ENPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 ENPR 87
(2000) ENPR 87
[2000] ENPR 87
[2000] E N P R 87
[2000] E.N.P.R. 87
[2000] E. N. P. R. 87
[2000] European National Patent Reports 87
European Patent Office Reports: Standard format:
[year] EPOR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 EPOR 5
(2002) EPOR 5
[2002] EPOR 5
[2002] E P O R 5
[2002] E.P.O.R. 5
[2002] E. P. O. R. 5
[2002] European Patent Office Reports 5
European Trade Mark Reports: Standard format:
[year] ETMR page
2005 ETMR 32
(2005) ETMR 32
[2005] ETMR 32
[2005] E T M R 32
[2005] E.T.M.R. 32
[2005] E. T. M. R. 32
[2005] European Trade Mark Reports 32

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Case reports – F

Faculty of Advocates, Collection of Decisions: Standard format:
volume Fac Coll (year-range) page
Examples of recognised formats:
15 F.C. (1809-1810) 435
15 Fac Coll (1809-1810) 435
15 Fac.Coll. (1809-1810) 435
15 Fac.Dec. (1809-1810) 435
15 FC (1809-1810) 435
Family Court Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume FCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 2 FCR 614
(2000) 2 FCR 614
[2000] 2 FCR 614
[2000] 2 F.C.R. 614
[2000] 2 F. C. R. 614
[2000] 2 FCRep 614
[2000] 2 F.C.Rep. 614
[2000] 2 F.C. Reporter 614
[2000] 2 F. C. Reporter 614
[2000] 2 Family Court Reporter 614
[2000] 2 FCReports 614
[2000] 2 F C Reports 614
[2000] 2 F.C. Reports 614
[2000] 2 Family Court Reports 614
(2000) 2 Family Court Reports 614
Family Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume FLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 FLR 171
(1995) 2 FLR 171
[1995] 2 FLR 171
[1995] 2 F L R 171
[1995] 2 F.L.R. 171
[1995] 2 F. L. R. 171
[1995] 2 Family Law Reports 171
Family Law Reports (Australia): Standard format:
volume FAM LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
29 FAM LR 74
29 Fam L.R. 74
29 Family Law Reports (Australia) 74
Federal Court Reports: Standard format:
volume FedCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
79 FCR 594
79 F C R 594
79 F.C.R. 594
79 F. C. R. 594
79 FedCR 594
79 Fed CR 594
79 Fed C R 594
79 Fed.C.R. 594
79 Fed. C.R. 594
79 Fed. C. R. 594
79 Federal Court Reports 594
Federal Reporter, Second Series: Standard format:
volume Fseries page
Examples of recognised formats:
310 F2d 308
310 F.2d 308
310 Federal Reporter, Second Series 308
Federal Reporter, Third Series: Standard format:
volume Fseries page
Examples of recognised formats:
71 F3d 347
71 F.3d 347
71 Federal Reporter, Third Series 347
Federal Rules Decisions: Standard format:
volume FRD page
Examples of recognised formats:
168 FRD 633
168 F.R.D. 633
168 Fed.R.D. 633
168 Fed.Rules.Dec. 633
168 Federal Rules Decisions 633
Federal Supplement: Standard format:
volume FSupp page
Examples of recognised formats:
346 FSupp 1019
346 F.Supp. 1019
346 Federal Supplement 1019
Financial Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] Fin LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1985] Fin LR 164
[1985] Financial Law Reports 164
Financial Times Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume FTLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1986 1 FTLR 348
(1986) 1 FTLR 348
[1986] 1 FTLR 348
[1986] 1 F T L R 348
[1986] 1 F.T.L.R. 348
[1986] 1 F. T. L. R. 348
[1986] 1 Financial Times Law Reports 348
Flanagan & Kelly’s Irish Rolls Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Flan & K page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 Fl & K 505
1 Fl.& K. 505
1 Flan & K 505
1 Flan.& Ke. 505
1 Flan.& Kel. 505
Fleet Street Reports: Standard format:
[year] FSR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 FSR 497
(1993) FSR 497
[1993] FSR 497
[1993] F S R 497
[1993] F.S.R. 497
[1993] F. S. R. 497
[1993] Fleet Street Reports 497
Fox & Smith’s Irish King’s Bench Reports: Standard format:
volume Fox & S Ir page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 Fox & S Ir 379
2 F.& S. 379
2 Fox.& Sm. 379
2 Fox.& S.Ir. 379
2 F & S 379

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Case reports – G

Gallison’s United States Circuit Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Gall page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 Gall 485
2 Gall. 485
2 Gallison's United States Circuit Court Reports 485
Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht: Standard format:
[year] GRUR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1989 GRUR 903
(1989) GRUR 903
[1989] GRUR 903
[1989] Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht 903
Gibraltar Law Reports: Standard format:
[year-range] Gib LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1999-2000] Gib LR 113
[1999-2000] Gib.L.R. 113
Glyn & Jameson’s Bankruptcy Reports: Standard format:
volume G & J page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 G & J 167
1 G.& J. 167
1 Gl & J 167
1 Gl.& J. 167
1 Glyn & Jam. 167
Greens Weekly Digest: Standard format:
[year] GWD page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 GWD 112
(2007) GWD 112
[2007] GWD 112
[2007] G W D 112
[2007] G.W.D. 112
[2007] G. W. D. 112
[2007] Greens Weekly Digest 112

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Case reports – H

Hansell’s Reports of Bankruptcy and Companies’ Winding-up Cases: Standard format:
[year] HBR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1915] Han. 181
1915 HBR 181
(1915) HBR 181
[1915] HBR 181
[1915] H.B.R. 181
[1915] Hansell's Reports of Bankruptcy and Companies' Winding-up Cases 181
Hayes & Jones Irish Exchequer Reports: Standard format:
Hayes & J page
Examples of recognised formats:
H.& J. 379
Hay.& J. 379
Hay.& Jo. 379
Hayes & J 379
Hayes & J. 379
Hayes & Jo 379
High Commission Territories Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] HCTLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1954 HCTLR 60
(1954) HCTLR 60
[1954] HCTLR 60
[1954] H.C.T.L.R. 60
[1954] High Commission Territories Law Reports 60
HMSO Tax Cases: Standard format:
(year) volume TC page
Examples of recognised formats:
65 TC 777
(1993) 65 TC 777
1993 65 T.C. 777
(1993) 65 T.C. 777
[1993] 65 T.C. 777
(1993) 65 T. C. 777
1993 65 HMSO Tax Cases 777
(1993) 65 HMSO Tax Cases 777
[1993] 65 HMSO Tax Cases 777
65 HMSO Tax Cases 777

The year is optional.
Hong Kong Cases: Standard format:
[year] volume HKC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 1 HKC 172
(2002) 1 HKC 172
[2002] 1 HKC 172
[2002] 1 H.K.Cases 172
[2002] 1 Hong Kong Cases 172
Hong Kong District Court Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] HKDCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1982] DCLR 32
1982 HKDCLR 32
(1982) HKDCLR 32
[1982] HKDCLR 32
[1982] Hong Kong District Court Law Reports 32
Hong Kong Law Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume HKLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1949 33 HKLR 113
(1949) 33 HKLR 113
[1949] 33 HKLR 113
(1949) 33 H.K.L.R. 113
(1949) 33 H.K.Law Reports 113
(1949) 33 Hong Kong L.R. 113
(1949) 33 Hong Kong Law Reports 113
Hong Kong Law Reports & Digest: Standard format:
[year] HKLRD page
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 HKLRD 572
(2005) HKLRD 572
[2005] HKLRD 572
[2005] Hong Kong Law Reports & Digest 572
Hong Kong Public Law Reports: Standard format:
volume HKPLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 HKPLR 220
3 Hong Kong Public Law Reports 220
Housing Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] HLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2004 HLR 4
(2004) HLR 4
[2004] HLR 4
[2004] H L R 4
[2004] H.L.R. 4
[2004] H. L. R. 4
[2004] Housing Law Reports 4
Standard format:
(year) volume HLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1983) 17 HLR 80
(1983) 17 H L R 80
(1983) 17 H.L.R. 80
(1983) 17 H. L. R. 80
(1983) 17 Housing Law Reports 80
Human Rights Case Digest: Standard format:
[year] HRCD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 HRCD 30
(1998) HRCD 30
[1998] HRCD 30
[1998] H.R.C.D. 30
[2007] Human Rights Case Digest 57
Human Rights Law Reports – UK Cases: Standard format:
[year] HRLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 HRLR 91
(2001) HRLR 91
[2001] HRLR 91
[2001] H R L R 91
[2001] H.R.L.R. 91
[2001] H. R. L. R. 91
[2001] Human Rights Law Reports 91
Hun’s New York Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Hun page
Examples of recognised formats:
13 Hun 219
13 Hun's New York Supreme Court Reports 219

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Case reports – I

Immigration Appeal Reports: Standard format:
[year] Imm AR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 Imm AR 62
(2002) Imm AR 62
[2002] Imm AR 62
[2002] Imm.A.R. 62
[2002] Imm. A.R. 62
[2002] Immigration Appeal Reports 62
Immigration and Nationality Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] INLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 INLR 342
(2001) INLR 342
[2001] INLR 342
[2001] I N L R 342
[2001] I.N.L.R. 342
[2001] I. N. L. R. 342
[2001] Immigration and Nationality Law Reports 342
Indian Law Reports, Bombay Series: Standard format:
[year] ILR Bom page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1943] B 331
[1943] B. 331
[1943] Bom. 331
[1943] Bomb. 331
[1943] ILR Bom 331
Industrial Arbitration Reports, New South Wales: Standard format:
[year] AR (NSW) page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1961] AR (NSW) 402
Industrial Cases Reports: Standard format:
[year] ICR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 ICR 957
(1995) ICR 957
[1995] ICR 957
[1995] I C R 957
[1995] I.C.R. 957
[1995] I. C. R. 957
[1995] Industrial Cases Reports 957
Industrial Cases Reports 1995 p.957
Industrial Cases Reports 1995 p. 957
Industrial Relations Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] IRLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 IRLR 43
(2000) IRLR 43
[2000] IRLR 43
[2000] I.R.L.R. 43
[2000] I. R. L. R. 43
[2000] IR Law Reports 43
[2000] I.R. Law Reports 43
[2000] Industrial Relations Law Reports 43
(2000) Industrial Relations Law Reports 43
Inquest Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume Inquest LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 1 Inq LR 44
2005 1 Inq L.R. 44
2005 1 Inq L. R. 44
2005 1 Inq. LR 44
2005 1 Inq. L.R. 44
2005 1 Inq. L. R. 44
(2005) 1 Inquest LR 44
[2005] 1 Inquest LR 44
[2005] 1 Inquest L.R. 44
[2005] 1 Inquest L. R. 44
[2005] 1 Inquest Law Reports 44
2005 Inq LR 44
2005 Inq L.R. 44
2005 Inq L. R. 44
2005 Inq. LR 44
2005 Inq. L.R. 44
2005 Inq. L. R. 44
(2005) Inquest LR 44
[2005] Inquest LR 44
[2005] Inquest L.R. 44
[2005] Inquest L. R. 44
[2005] Inquest Law Reports 44
Intellectual Property Decisions: Standard format:
[year] volume IPD page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 29 IPD 7
(2006) 29 IPD 7
[2006] 29 IPD 7
[2006] 29 I P D 7
[2006] 29 I.P.D. 7
[2006] 29 I. P. D. 7
[2006] 29 Intellectual Property Decisions 7
Intellectual Property Reports: Standard format:
volume IPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
51 IPR 149
51 Intellectual Property Reports 49
Intellectual Property and Technology: Examples of recognised formats:
1999 IP & T 1
(1999) IP & T 1
[1999] IP & T 1
[1999] I.P. & T. 1
[1999] I. P. & T 1
[1999] IP and T 1
[1999] I.P. and T. 1
[1999] I. P. and T 1
[1999] Intellectual Property and Technology 1
[1999] Intellectual Property & Technology 1
International Court of Justice Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders: Standard format:
[year] ICJR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1949 ICJR 174
(1949) ICJR 174
[1949] ICJR 174
[1949] I.C.J.R. 174
[1949] International Court of Justice Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 174
International Law Reports: Standard format:
volume ILR page
Examples of recognised formats:
132 ILR 707
132 I L R 707
132 I.L.R. 707
132 IntlLR 707
132 Intl.L.R. 707
132 INTL 707
132 I N T L 707
132 I.N.T.L. 707
132 International Law Reports 707
International Legal Materials: Standard format:
(year) ILM page
Examples of recognised formats:
2003 ILM 1030
(2003) ILM 1030
[2003] ILM 1030
(2003) I.L.M. 1030
(2003) Int'l Leg.Materials 1030
(2003) International Legal Materials 1030
International Litigation Procedure: Standard format:
[year] I.L.Pr. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1997 ILPR 343
(1997) I.L.Pr. 343
[1997] I.L.Pr. 343
[1997] I. L. Pr. 343
[1997] International Litigation Procedure 343
International Tax Law Reports: Standard format:
volume ITLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 ITLR 727
2 I.T.L.R. 727
2 International Tax LR 727
2 International Tax L. R. 727
2 International Tax Law Rep. 727
2 International Tax Law Reports 727
International Trusts and Estates Law Reports: Standard format:
volume ITELR page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 ITELR 45
4 I.T.E.L.R. 45
4 I. T. E. L. R. 45
4 IT&ELR 45
4 International Trust & Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trust & Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trust and Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trust and Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trust & Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trust & Estates Law Reports 45
4 International Trust and Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trust and Estates Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts & Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trusts & Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts and Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trusts and Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts & Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trusts & Estates Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts and Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trusts and Estates Law Reports 45
Irish Jurist Reports (in Electronic Irish Digests): Standard format:
[year] Ir.Jur.Rep. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1961 Ir.Jur. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur. 45
(1961) Ir.Jur.Rep. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur.Rep. 45
[1961] Ir. Jur. Rep. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur.(Rep.) 45
[1961] Irish Jurist Reports 45
[1961] Irish Jurist Reports 45
Irish Law Reports Monthly (also in Electronic Irish Digests): Standard format:
[year] volume ILRM page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 2 ILRM 252
(2007) 2 ILRM 252
[2007] 2 ILRM 252
[2007] 2 I L R M 252
[2007] 2 I.L.R.M. 252
[2007] 2 I. L. R. M. 252
[2007] 2 Irish Law Reports Monthly 252
[2007] 2 Irish Law Reports Monthly 252
Standard format:
[year] ILRM page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 ILRM 557
(1993) ILRM 557
[1993] ILRM 557
[1993] I L R M 557
[1993] I.L.R.M. 557
[1993] I. L. R. M. 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557
Irish Law Times Reports (in Electronic Irish Digests): Standard format:
vol ILTR page
Examples of recognised formats:
104 ILTR 171
104 I.L.T.R. 171
104 I. L. T. R. 171
104 IrLTR 171
104 Ir.L.T.R. 171
104 IrLTRep 171
104 Ir LTRep 171
104 Ir.L.T.Rep. 171
104 Ir. L.T.Rep. 171
104 Irish Law Times Reports 171
104 Irish Law Times Reports 171
Irish Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume I.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1990 2 IR 17
(1990) 2 I.R. 17
[1990] 2 I.R. 17
[1990] 2 I. R. 17
[1990] 2 Irish Reports 17
Irish Tax Reports: Standard format:
year ITR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 ITR 57
(2001) ITR 57
[2001] ITR 57
2001 I.T.R. 57
2001 ITRep 57
2001 I.T.Rep. 57
2001 Irish Tax Rep. 57
2001 Irish Tax Reports 57
Standard format:
volume ITR page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 ITR 54
5 I.T.R. 54
5 ITRep 54
5 I.T.Rep. 54
5 Irish Tax Rep. 54
5 Irish Tax Reports 54

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Case reports – J

Jones & La Touche’s Irish Chancery Reports: Standard format:
volume J & L page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 J & L 353
3 J.& L. 353
3 J.& La T. 353
3 Jo & Lat 353
3 Jo.& Lat. 353
Jurist Reports, New Series: Standard format:
volume JurNS page
Examples of recognised formats:
7 JurNS 122
7 Jur.N.S. 122
7 Jur.(N.S.) 122
7 Lond.Jur.N.S. 122
7 Jurist Reports, New Series 122
Justice of the Peace Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume JP page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 170 JP 17
(2006) 170 JP 17
[2006] 170 JP 17
[2006] 170 J P 17
[2006] 170 J.P. 17
[2006] 170 J. P. 17
[2006] 170 J.P.R. 17
[2006] 170 JP Law Reports 17
[2006] 170 J.P. Law Reports 17
[2006] 170 J. P. Law Reports 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace L.R. 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace L. R. 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace Law Rep. 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace Reports 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace Law Reports 17
(2006) 170 Justice of the Peace Law Reports 17

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Case reports – K

Knight’s Industrial Law Reports: Standard format:
volume KILR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 KILR 105
1 K.I.L.R. 105
1 Knight's Industrial Law Reports 105

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Case reports – L

Landlord and Tenant Reports: Standard format:
[year] L & TR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 L & TR 21
(2002) L & TR 21
[2002] L & TR 21
[2002] L.&T.R. 21
[2002] L. & T.R. 21
[2002] Landlord and Tenant Reports 21
Law Journal County Courts Reporter: Standard format:
volume LJCCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
13 LJCCR 11
13 L.J.C.C.R.11
13 Law Journal County Courts Reporter 11
Law Journal, Irish (in Electronic Irish Digests): Standard format:
[year] L.J.Ir. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1934 LJI 108
[1934] L.J.I. 108
(1934) L.J.Ir. 108
[1934] L.J.Ir. 108
[1934] L. J. Ir. 108
(1934) L.J.Ir.R. 108
Law Journal Newspaper County Courts Reports: Standard format:
volume LJN CCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1947] C.C.Rep. 149
[1947] CC Rep 149
[1947] L.J.N.C.C.R. 149
[1947] LJN CCR 149
Law Journal Reports, Bankruptcy New Series: Standard format:
volume LJ Bcy page
Examples of recognised formats:
31 L.J.Bank. 87
31 L.J.Bank.N.S. 87
31 L.J.Bankr.N.S. 87
31 L.J.Bcy. 87
31 LJ Bcy 87
Law Journal Reports, Chancery New Series: Standard format:
volume LJCh page
Examples of recognised formats:
92 LJCh 194
92 L.J.Ch. 194
92 L.J.Ch.N.S. 194
92 L.J.Eq 194
92 Law J.Ch. 194
92 Law Journal Reports, Chancery New Series 194
Law Journal Reports, Chancery Old Series: Standard format:
volume LJOS (Ch) page
Examples of recognised formats:
8 L.J.O.S.Ch. 137
8 LJOS Ch 137
8 LJOS (Ch) 137
Law Journal Reports, Common Pleas New Series: Standard format:
volume LJCP page
Examples of recognised formats:
35 LJC 321
35 L.J.C. 321
35 LJCP 321
35 L.J.C.P. 321
35 L.J.C.P.D. 321
35 L.J.C.P.N.S. 321
35 Law Journal Reports, Common Pleas New Series 321
Law Journal Reports, Exchequer New Series: Standard format:
volume LJEx page
Examples of recognised formats:
17 LJEx 17
17 L.J.Ex. 17
17 L.J.Ex.D. 17
17 L.J.Exch.N.S. 17
17 Law Journal Reports, Exchequer New Series 17
Law Journal Reports, House of Lords New Series: Standard format:
volume LJHL page
Examples of recognised formats:
171 LJHL 350
171 L.J.H.L. 350
171 Law Journal Reports, House of Lords New Series 350
Law Journal Reports, King’s Bench New Series: Standard format:
volume LJKB page
Examples of recognised formats:
93 LJKB 382
93 L.J.K.B. 382
93 Law Journal Reports, King's Bench New Series 382
Law Journal Reports, King’s Bench Old Series: Standard format:
(year) LJOSKB page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1823) LJOSKB 99
(1823) L.J.O.S.K.B. 99
(1823) Law Journal Reports, King's Bench Old Series 99
Law Journal Reports, Magistrates’ Cases New Series: Standard format:
(year) LJMC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1858 LJMC 167
(1858) LJMC 167
[1858] LJMC 167
(1858) L.J.M.C. 167
(1858) L.J.M.Cas. 167
(1858) L.J.Mag. 167
(1858) L.J.Mag.Cas.N.S. 167
(1858) Law Journal Reports, Magistrates' Cases New Series 167
Law Journal Reports, Magistrates’ Cases Old Series: Standard format:
volume LJOSMC page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 L.J.M.C.O.S. 50
5 L.J.Mag.Cas. 50
5 LJOSMC 50
5 L.J.O.S.M.C. 50
5 Law Journal Reports, Magistrates' Cases Old Series 50
Law Journal Reports, New Series: Standard format:
volume LJ (NS) page
Examples of recognised formats:
51 LJ (NS) 238
Law Journal Reports, Privy Council New Series: Standard format:
volume LJPC page
Examples of recognised formats:
95 L.J.P. 17
95 LJPC 17
95 L.J.P.C. 17
95 L.J.P.C.N.S. 17
95 Law Journal Reports, Privy Council New Series 17
Law Journal Reports, Probate, Divorce & Admiralty New Series: Standard format:
volume LJP page
Examples of recognised formats:
50 LJP 15
50 L.J.P. 15
50 L.J.P.D.& A. 15
50 L.J.P.D.& Adm. 15
50 Law J.P.D.& A. 15
50 Law Journal Reports, Probate, Divorce & Admiralty New Series 15
Law Journal Reports, Probate, Matrimonial & Admiralty New Series: Standard format:
volume LJP & M page
Example of recognised formats:
29 L.J.P.& M. 27
29 L.J.Prob. 27
29 L.J.Prob.& Mat. 27
29 L.J.Prob.N.S. 27
29 LJP & M 27
Law Journal Reports, Queen’s Bench New Series: Standard format:
volume LJ (QB) page
Example of recognised formats:
67 LJ (QB) 11
The Law Reports (First Series): Standard format:
LR volume series page
Example of recognised formats:
LR 6 Exch 224
Complete list of formats
The Law Reports (Second Series): Standard format:
volume series page
Example of recognised formats:
8 QBD 453
Complete list of formats
The Law Reports (Third Series): Standard format:
[year] volume series page
Example of recognised formats:
[1995] 2 AC 75
Complete list of formats
Law Reports of the Commonwealth: Standard format:
[year] volume LRC page
Example of recognised formats:
2000 5 LRC 183
(2000) 5 LRC 183
[2000] 5 LRC 183
[2000] 5 L.R.C. 183
[2000] 5 L. R. C. 183
[2000] 5 LRComm 183
[2000] 5 L.R.Comm. 183
[2000] 5 L.R. Comm. 183
[2000] 5 Law Reports of the Commonwealth 183
(2000) 5 Law Reports of the Commonwealth 183
Law Reports of the Commonwealth, Constitutional and Administrative Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] LRC (Const) page
Example of recognised formats:
[1987] L.R.C.(Const) 681
[1987] LRC (Const) 681
[1987] LRC Const 681
[1987] LRC(Const) 681
Law Reports, Ireland (4th Series): Standard format:
volume LRI page
Example of recognised formats:
16 LRI 33
16 L.R.I. 33
16 LRIr 33
16 Law Rep.Ir. 33
16 Law Reports, Ireland (4th Series) 33
Law Times Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume LTR page
Example of recognised formats:
1947 176 LTR 517
(1947) 176 LTR 517
[1947] 176 LTR 517
(1947) 176 L T R 517
(1947) 176 L.T.R. 517
(1947) 176 L. T. R. 517
(1947) 176 LT 517
(1947) 176 L.T. 517
(1947) 176 LTRNS 517
(1947) 176 L.T.R.N.S. 517
(1947) 176 Law Times Reports 517
Legal Decisions Affecting Bankers: Standard format:
volume LDAB page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 LDAB 328
4 L D A B 328
4 L.D.A.B. 328
4 L. D. A. B. 328
4 Legal Decisions Affecting Bankers 328
Licensing Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] LLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 LLR 351
(2001) LLR 351
[2001] LLR 351
[2001] Licensing Law Reports 351
Lloyd’s Law Reports (1952–present): Standard format:
[year] volume Lloyd's Rep page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1995] 2 Lloyds Rep 15
1995 2 Lloyd's Rep 15
(1995) 2 Lloyd's Rep 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyds Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd's Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 15
Lloyd’s Law Reports (1919–1951): Standard format:
(year) volume Ll. L. Rep. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1940 66 Ll.L.Rep. 89
(1940) 66 Ll.L.Rep. 89
[1940] 66 Ll.L.Rep. 89
66 Ll. Rep. 89
66 Ll. L. R. 89
66 Ll. L. Rep. 89
66 Ll. L. L. R. 89
66 Lloyds List L. R. 89
66 Lloyd's List L. R. 89
66 Lloyd’s List L. R. 89
66 Lloyd’s List L. R. 89

The year is optional.
Lloyd’s Law Reports: Banking: Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep Bank page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 Lloyd's Rep Bank 229
(2001) Lloyd's Rep Bank 229
[2001] Lloyd's Rep Bank 229
[2001] Lloyd's Rep.Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd's Rep. Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep.Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep. Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep.Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep. Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd's Law Reports: Banking 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Banking 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Banking 229
Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime: Standard format:
[year] Lloyds Rep FC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2008 Lloyds Rep FC 10
(2008) Lloyds Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyds Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd's Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd's Law Reports: Financial Crime 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime 10
Lloyd’s Law Reports: Insurance and Reinsurance: Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep IR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2003] Lloyds RepIR 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep IR 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. I. R. 1
2003 Lloyd's Rep IR 1
(2003) Lloyd's Rep IR 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep IR 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. I. R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I. R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I. R. 1
Lloyd’s Law Reports: Medical: Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep Med page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2003] Lloyds Rep Med 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. Med. 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep Med 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. Med. 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. Medical 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. Medical 1
[2003] Lloyd's Law Reports: Medical 1
Lloyd’s Law Reports: Professional Negligence: Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep PN page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 Lloyd's Rep PN 496
(1999) Lloyd's Rep PN 496
[1999] Lloyd's Rep PN 496
[1999] Lloyd's Rep.P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd's Rep. P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep.P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep.P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd's Law Reports: Professional Negligence 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Professional Negligence 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Professional Negligence 496
Lloyd’s Reinsurance Law Reports (1995–1997): Standard format:
[year] L.R.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 LRLR 353
(1996) L.R.L.R. 353
[1996] L.R.L.R. 353
[1996] L. R. L. R. 353
Local Government Reports (from 2000 onwards): Standard format:
[year] LGR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 LGR 302
(2000) LGR 302
[2000] LGR 302
[2000] L.G.R. 302
[2000] L. G. R. 302
2000 Local Government Reports 302
(2000) Local Government Reports 302
[2000] Local Government Reports 302
Local Government Reports (before 2000): Standard format:
(year) volume LGR page
Examples of recognised formats:
96 LGR 262
96 L.G.R. 262
1998 96 LGR 262
[1998] 96 LGR 262
(1998) 96 LGR 262
(1998) 96 BLGR 262
(1998) 96 B L G R 262
(1998) 96 B.L.G.R. 262
(1998) 96 B. L. G. R. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths LGR 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths L. G. R. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths L.G.Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths L.G. Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths Local Gov. Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths Local Government Reports 262
(1998) 96 LGR 262
(1998) 96 L.G.R. 262
(1998) 96 L. G. R. 262
(1998) 96 LGRep 262
(1998) 96 L.G.Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Local Gov. Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Local Government Reports 262
[1998] 96 Local Government Reports 262
96 Local Government Reports 262

The year is optional.
Local Government Reports of Australia: Standard format:
volume LGRA page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 A.L.G.R. 260
4 LGRA 260
4 L.G.R.A. 260
4 L.G.Rep.Aus. 260
4 Local Govt.R.Austl. 260
4 Local Government Reports of Australia 260
Local Government Reports (New South Wales): Standard format:
volume LGRNSW page
Examples of recognised formats:
13 LGRNSW 170
13 L.G.R.N.S.W. 170
13 LGR (NSW) 170
13 L.G.R.(N.S.W.) 170
13 N.S.W.L.G.R. 170
13 Local Government Reports (New South Wales) 170
Lower Burma Rulings: Standard format:
volume LBR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 LBR 95
2 L.B.R. 95
2 Lower Burma Rulings 95
Lower Canada Jurist: Standard format:
volume LCJ page
Examples of recognised formats:
16 LCJ 188
16 L.C.J. 188
16 L.C.Jur. 188
16 Low.Can.Jur. 188
16 Lower Can.Jur. 188
16 Lower Canada Jurist 188
LS Law Commercial: Standard format:
[year] LS Law Comm page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] LS Law Comm 04
LS Law Licensing: Standard format:
[year] LS Law Lic page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] LS Law Lic 286
LS Law Medical (formerly Lloyd's Rep. Medical and Medical Law Reports): Standard format:
[year] LS Law Med page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] LS Law Med 489
LS Law Patents: Standard format:
[year] LS Law Pat page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] LS Law Pat 49
LS Law Product Liability: Standard format:
[year] LS Law PL page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2001] LS Law PL 03
LS Law Regulatory: Standard format:
[year] LS Law Reg page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2007] LS Law Reg 28

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Case reports – M

MacGillivray’s Copyright Cases: Standard format:
[year-range] MacGCC page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1936-45] MacCC 69
[1936-45] Mac.C.C. 69
[1936-45] MacGCC 69
[1936-45] MacG.C.C. 69
[1936-45] MacGillivray's Copyright Cases 69
Macpherson’s Session Cases (3rd Series): Standard format:
volume M (HL) page
Examples of recognised formats:
8 M (HL) 119
8 M. (H.L.) 119
Malayan Law Journal: Standard format:
(year) volume MLJ page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1953) 19 M.L.J. 188
(1953) 19 Mal.L.J. 188
(1953) 19 Malayan L.J. 188
(1953) 19 Malayan LJ 188
(1953) 19 MLJ 188

The year is optional.
Maritime Provinces Reports: Standard format:
volume MPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
44 MPR 151
44 M.P.R. 151
44 Mar.Prov. 151
44 Maritime Provinces Reports 151
Maryland Reports: Standard format:
volume Md page
Examples of recognised formats:
202 Md 481
202 Md. 481
202 Maryland 481
202 Maryland Reports 481
Masons Computer Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] Masons CLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1999] Masons CLR 24
[1999] Masons C.L.R. 24
Medical Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume Med LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 7 Med LR 167
(1996) 7 Med LR 167
[1996] 7 Med LR 167
[1996] 7 Med. L.R. 167
[1996] 7 Med. L. R. 167
[1996] 7 Medical Law Reports 167
Mental Health Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume M.H.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 1 MHLR 110
(2001) 1 M.H.L.R. 110
[2001] 1 M.H.L.R. 110
[2001] 1 M. H. L. R. 110
2001 Mental Health Law Reports 110
(2001) Mental Health Law Reports 110
[2001] Mental Health Law Reports 110
[2001] 1 Mental Health Law Reports 110
Michigan Reports: Standard format:
volume Mich page
Examples of recognised formats:
204 Mich 459
204 Mich. 459
204 Michigan Reports 459
Montagu & Ayrton’s Bankruptcy Reports: Standard format:
volume M & Ayr page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 M.& A. 340
3 M.& Ayr. 340
3 Mont.& A. 340
3 Mont & Ayr 340
3 Mont.& Ayr.Bankr. 340
Montagu & Bligh’s Bankruptcy Reports: Standard format:
volume M & B page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 M & B 89
1 M.& B. 89
1 Mont & B 89
1 Mont.& B. 89
1 Mont.& B.Bankr. 89
Montagu & Chitty’s Bankruptcy Reports: Standard format:
(year) Mont & Ch page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1840) M.& C. 239
(1840) M.& Chit.Bankr. 239
(1840) Mont & Ch 239
(1840) Mont.& Ch. 239
(1840) Mont.& Chitt. 239
Moore’s Common Pleas Reports: Standard format:
volume Moore CP page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 B.M. 469
4 B.Moore 469
4 Mo. 469
4 Moore CP 469
4 Moore C.P. 469
Moore’s Privy Council Cases, New Series: Standard format:
volume MooPCCNS page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 MooPCCNS 111
5 Moo.P.C.C.N.S. 111
5 Moore P.C.C.N.S. 111
5 Moore's Privy Council Cases, New Series 111
Morison’s Dictionary of Decisions: Standard format:
volume Mor page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1741] M.Dict. 12779
1741 Mor 12779
(1741) Mor 12779
[1741] Mor 12779
[1741] Mor. 12779
[1741] Mor.Dic. 12779
[1741] Mor.Dict. 12779
[1741] Morison's Dictionary of Decisions 12779
Municipal and Planning Law Reports: Standard format:
volume MPLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 MPLR 204
1 M.P.L.R. 204
1 Municipal and Planning Law Reports 204

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Case reports – N

Nevile & Manning’s King’s Bench Reports: Standard format:
volume N & M page
Examples of recognised formats:
6 N & M 192
6 N.& M. 192
6 Nev & MKB 192
6 Nev & M K B 192
6 Nev.& M.K.B. 192
New Brunswick Reports, 2nd Series: Standard format:
volume NBR (2d) page
Examples of recognised formats:
43 NBR (2d) 75
New Irish Jurist Reports: Standard format:
volume NIJR page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 NIJ 55
4 N.I.J. 55
4 NIJR 55
4 N.I.J.R. 55
4 New Ir.Jur. 55
4 New Irish Jurist Reports 55
New Property Cases: Standard format:
[year] NPC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 NPC 7
(2001) NPC 7
[2001] NPC 7
[2001] N P C 7
[2001] N.P.C. 7
[2001] N. P. C. 7
[2001] New Property Cases 7
New South Wales Bankruptcy, Company and Probate Cases: Standard format:
volume BC (NSW) page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 BC (NSW) 33
New South Wales Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume NSWLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1975] 1 Law Reports, New South Wales 537
1975 1 NSWLR 537
(1975) 1 NSWLR 537
[1975] 1 NSWLR 537
[1975] 1 N S W L R 537
[1975] 1 N.S.W.L.R. 537
[1975] 1 New South Wales Law Reports 537
New South Wales State Reports: Standard format:
(year) SR(NSW) page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1960) NSW 297
(1960) NSW SR 297
(1960) New South Wales State Reports 297
1960 SR(NSW) 297
(1960) SR(NSW) 297
[1960] SR(NSW) 297
(1960) S.R.(N.S.W.) 297
Standard format:
volume NSWSR page
Examples of recognised formats:
7 NSWSR 290
7 NSW SR 290
7 New South Wales State Reports 290
7 S.R.(N.S.W.) 290
New South Wales Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
volume SCR (NSW) page
Examples of recognised formats:
19 SCR (NSW) 193
New York Miscellaneous Reports: Standard format:
volume Misc page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 Misc 312
4 Misc. 312
4 New York Miscellaneous Reports 312
New York Reports, Second Series: Standard format:
volume NY 2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
35 NY 2d 746
35 N.Y. 2d 746
New York Supplement: Standard format:
volume NYS page
Examples of recognised formats:
258 NYS 331
258 N.Y.S. 331
258 New York Supplement 331
New Zealand Administrative Reports: Standard format:
volume NZAR page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 NZAR 279
3 N.Z.A.R. 279
3 New Zealand Administrative Reports 279
Standard format:
[year] NZAR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 NZAR 324
(2000) NZAR 324
[2000] NZAR 324
[2000] N.Z.A.R. 324
[2000] New Zealand Administrative Reports 324
New Zealand Family Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] NZFLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 NZFLR 49
(1995) NZFLR 49
[1995] NZFLR 49
[1995] N.Z.F.L.R. 49
[1995] New Zealand Family Law Reports 49
New Zealand Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume NZLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1978] 2 L.R.N.Z. 594
1978 2 NZLR 594
(1978) 2 NZLR 594
[1978] 2 NZLR 594
[1978] 2 N Z L R 594
[1978] 2 N.Z.L.R. 594
[1978] 2 N.Z.Rep. 594
[1978] 2 New Zeal.L.R. 594
[1978] 2 New Zealand Law Reports 594
New Zealand Superannuation Cases: Standard format:
[year] NZSC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 NZSC 68
(2006) NZSC 68
[2006] NZSC 68
[2006] N.Z.S.C. 68
(2006) New Zealand Superannuation Cases 68
New Zealand Tax Cases: Standard format:
[year] NZTC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 NZTC 17051
(2001) NZTC 17051
[2001] NZTC 17051
(2001) N.Z.T.C. 17051
(2001) New Zealand Tax Cases 17051
Newfoundland & Prince Edward Island Reports: Standard format:
volume Nfld & PEIR page
Examples of recognised formats:
51 Nfld & PEIR 173
51 Nfld.& P.E.I.R. 173
North Eastern Reporter, Second Series: Standard format:
volume NE (2d) page
Examples of recognised formats:
268 NE (2d) 680
North Western Reporter: Standard format:
volume NW page
Examples of recognised formats:
202 NW 352
202 N.W. 352
202 No.West Rep. 352
202 Northw.Rep. 352
202 North Western Reporter 352
Northern Ireland Judgments Bulletin: Standard format:
[year] NIJB page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2000] Blue Book 209
2000 NIJB 209
(2000) NIJB 209
[2000] NIJB 209
[2000] Northern Ireland Judgments Bulletin 209
Northern Ireland Reports (in Electronic Irish Digests): Standard format:
[year] N.I. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1961 NI 65
(1961) N.I. 65
[1961] N.I. 65
[1961] N. I. 65
Northern Territory Reports: Standard format:
volume NTR page
Examples of recognised formats:
21 NTR 11
21 N.T.R. 11
21 Northern Territory Reports 11
Nova Scotia Reports, 2nd Series: Standard format:
volume NSR (2d) page
Examples of recognised formats:
201 NSR (2d) 288
201 N.S.R. (2d) 288

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Case reports – O

Occupational Pension Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] OPLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 OPLR 331
(1995) OPLR 331
[1995] OPLR 331
[1995] O.P.L.R. 331
[1995] O. P. L. R. 331
[1995] O.P. Law Rep. 331
[1995] OP Law Reports 331
[1995] O.P. Law Reports 331
[1995] Occupational Pension L.R. 331
[1995] Occupational Pension L. R. 331
[1995] Occupational Pension Law Reports 331
(1995) Occupational Pension Law Reports 331
Official Journal of the European Patent Office: Standard format:
[year] OJ EPO page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 OJ EPO 413
(2001) OJ EPO 413
[2001] OJ EPO 413
[2001] O.J. E.P.O. 413
[2001] Official Journal of the EPO 413
[2001] Official Journal of the European Patent Office 413
Offshore Financial Law Reports: Standard format:
volume OFLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 OFLR 285
1 O F L R 285
1 O.F.L.R. 285
1 O. F. L. R. 285
1 Offshore Financial L.R. 285
1 Offshore Financial Law Rep. 285
1 Offshore Financial Law Reports 285
Standard format:
volume OFLR(ITLR) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 OFLR(ITLR) 20
1 OFLR (ITLR) 20
1 O F L R I T L R 20
1 O.F.L.R.(I.T.L.R.) 20
1 O. F. L. R. (I. T. L. R.) 20
Standard format:
volume OFLR(ITELR) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 OFLR(ITELR) 152
1 OFLR (ITELR) 152
1 O F L R (I T E L R) 152
1 O.F.L.R.I.T.E.L.R. 152
1 O. F. L. R. (I. T. E. L. R.) 152
O’Malley & Hardcastle Election Cases: Standard format:
volume O'M & H page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 O'M & H 215
2 O'M.& H. 215
2 O'M.& H.El.Cas. 215
2 O'Mal.& H. 215
Ontario Reports, 2nd Series: Standard format:
volume OR (2d) page
Examples of recognised formats:
55 OR (2d) 673

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Case reports – P

Pacific Reporter, Second Series: Standard format:
volume P2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
600 P2d 725
600 P.2d 725
600 Pacific Reporter, Second Series 725
Palmer’s Company Cases: Standard format:
[year] PCC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1986 PCC 176
(1986) PCC 176
[1986] PCC 176
[1986] P C C 176
[1986] P.C.C. 176
[1986] P. C. C. 176
[1986] Palmer's Company Cases 176
[1986] Palmer’s Company Cases 176
[1986] Palmer’s Company Cases 176
Papua and New Guinea Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] PNGLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1985 PNGLR 278
(1985) PNGLR 278
[1985] PNGLR 278
[1985] P.N.G.L.R. 278
[1985] P.& N.G.L.R. 278
[1985] Papua and New Guinea Law Reports 278
Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports: Standard format:
[year] PIQR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 PIQR 17
(2002) PIQR 17
[2002] PIQR 17
[2002] P I Q R 17
[2002] P.I.Q.R. 17
[2002] P.I.Q.R. P17
[2002] P. I. Q. R. 17
[2002] Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports 17
[2002] Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports P17
[2002] Personal Injury and Quantum Reports 17
Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports – Liability: Standard format:
[year] PIQRP page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 PIQRP 108
(1995) PIQRP 108
[1995] PIQRP 108
[1995] P.I.Q.R.P 108
[1995] P.I.Q.R. P 108
[1995] Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports - Liability 108
Pickering’s Massachusetts Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume Pick page
Examples of recognised formats:
11 Mass.(Pick.) 227
11 Pick 227
11 Pick. 227
11 Pick.(Mass.) 227
11 Pickering's Massachusetts Reports 227
Planning Law Case Reports: Standard format:
[year] PLCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 PLCR 1
(2001) PLCR 1
[2001] PLCR 1
[2001] P.L.C.R. 1
[2001] Planning Law Case Reports 1
Planning Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume PLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1993] 1 Planning Law Rep 142
[1993] 1 Planning Law Rep. 142
[1993] 1 Planning LR 142
[1993] 1 Planning L R 142
[1993] 1 Planning L.R. 142
[1993] 1 Planning L. R. 142
[1993] 1 Planning Law Reports 142
(1993) 1 Planning Law Reports 142
[1993] 1 Estates Gazette Planning Law Reports 142
Police Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume Police Law Reports page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 Police Law Reports 117
(2000) 1 Police Law Reports 117
[2000] 1 Police Law Reports 117
[2000] Police Law Reports 117
[2000] 1 Pol. L. R. 117
(2000) 1 Pol. L. R. 117
[2000] 1 Pol.L.R. 117
[2000] 1 PolLR 117
2000 1 PolLR 117
Prison Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume Prison Law Reports page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 Prison Law Reports 372
(2000) 1 Prison Law Reports 372
[2000] 1 Prison Law Reports 372
[2000] Prison Law Reports 372
Professional Negligence: Standard format:
volume PN page
Examples of recognised formats:
11 PN 148
11 P.N. 148
11 Prof.Negl. 148
11 Professional Negligence 148
Professional Negligence and Liability Reports: Standard format:
[year] PNLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 PNLR 31
(2005) PNLR 31
[2005] PNLR 31
[2005] P N L R 31
[2005] P.N.L.R. 31
[2005] P. N. L. R. 31
[2005] Professional Negligence & Liability Reports 31
[2005] Professional Negligence and Liability Reports 31
Property Law Service Case Summaries: Standard format:
[year] PLSCS page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] PLSCS 150
[2006] P.L.S.C.S. 150
[2006] Property Law Service Case Summaries 150
Publications of the European Court of Human Rights (1996 to present): Examples of recognised formats:
Reports 1997-V, p. 1856 (one complete reference)
Reports 1997-V, p. 1856, § 36 (paragraph numbers are ignored)
Reports 1997-V (no page number, retrieves all cases in volume V of 1997)
Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997-V, p. 1801 (one complete reference)
Publications of the European Court of Human Rights (1960 to 1995): Examples of recognised formats:
1988 Series A No. 139 p. 3
1988 Series A No. 139 p. 3, para. 30 (paragraph numbers are ignored)
1988 Series A No. 136-E p. 36
Series A No. 136-E p. 36
1988 Series A No. 136-E
24 April 1990 series a no. 176-b p. 36

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Case reports – Q

Quantum Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume(issue) QR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 99(6) QR 8
(1999) 99(6) QR 8
[1999] 99(6) QR 8
(1999) 99(6) Q R 8
(1999) 99(6) Q.R. 8
(1999) 99(6) Q. R. 8
(1999) 99(6) Quantum Reports 8
Queensland Law Journal: Standard format:
volume QLJ page
Examples of recognised formats:
8 QLJ 148
8 Q.L.J. 148
8 Queens.L.J. 148
8 Queensl.L.J.(Aus.) 148
8 Queensland Law Journal 148
Queensland Law Reports: Standard format:
volume QLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
7 QLR 353
7 Q.L.R. 353
7 Queensland Law Reports 353
Queensland State Reports: Standard format:
[year] StRQd page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1946] QSR 146
[1946] Q.S.R. 146
[1946] Queensl.St.(Austr.) 146
[1946] Queensl.St.R. 146
[1946] Queensland State Reports 146
[1946] SQR 146
[1946] SRQ 146
[1946] St RQ 146
[1946] St.R.Q. 146
1946 StRQd 146
(1946) StRQd 146
[1946] StRQd 146
[1946] St R Qd 146
[1946] St.R.Qd. 146
Queensland Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
volume QSCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 QSCR 19
1 Q.S.C.R. 19
1 Queensl.S.C.(Aus.) 19
1 Queensl.S.Ct.R. 19
1 Queensland Supreme Court Reports 19
1 SCR (Q) 19
1 S.C.R.(Q.) 19
Queensland Weekly Notes: Standard format:
volume QWN page
Examples of recognised formats:
1966 QWN 50
(1966) QWN 50
[1966] QWN 50
[1966] Q.W.N. 50
[1966] Queensland Weekly Notes 50

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Case reports – R

Railway & Canal Traffic Cases: Standard format:
volume Ry & Can Tr Cas page
Examples of recognised formats:
20 B.& M. 22
20 Brown & MacN. 22
20 Nev.& McN. 22
20 Ry & Can Tr Cas 22
20 Ry.& Can.Tr.Cas. 22
Ramsay’s Appeal Cases: Standard format:
volume Ram page
Examples of recognised formats:
1865 Ram 160
1865 Ram. 160
1865 Ramsay's Appeal Cases 160
Rating Appeals: Standard format:
volume RA page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 RA 129
(1996) RA 129
[1996] RA 129
[1996] R.A. 129
[1996] Rating Appeals 129
Rating & Income Tax Reports: Standard format:
volume R&IT page
Examples of recognised formats:
16 R&IT 136
16 R.& I.T. 136
16 Rating & Income Tax Reports 136
Real Property Reports: Standard format:
volume RPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 RPR 298
3 R.P.R. 298
3 Real Property Reports 298
Recht der Internationalen Wirtschaft: Standard format:
year RIW page
Examples of recognised formats:
1982 AWD 281
1982 RIW 281
(1982) RIW 281
[1982] RIW 281
1982 Recht der Internationalen Wirtschaft 281
Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases: Standard format:
[year] RPC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1997 RPC 134
(1997) RPC 134
[1997] RPC 134
[1997] R.P.C. 134
[1997] R. P. C. 134
1997 Reports and Patent Cases 134
(1997) Reports and Patent Cases 134
[1997] Reports and Patent Cases 134
[1997] Reports & Patent Cases 134
Reports of Selected War Pensions Appeals: Standard format:
volume WPAR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 WPAR 157
1 W.P.A.R. 157
1 Reports of Selected War Pension Appeals 157
1 Reports of Selected War Pensions Appeals 157
Rettie, Crawford & Melville, Session Cases (4th Series): Standard format:
volume R (Ct of Sess) page
Examples of recognised formats:
9 R (Ct of Sess) 91
9 R. (Ct of Sess) 91
Revue Française de Droit Administratif: Standard format:
[year] RFDA page
Examples of recognised formats:
1976 RFDA 105
(1976) RFDA 105
[1976] RFDA 105
[1976] Rev Fr Dr Admin 105
[1976] Revue Francaise de Droit Administratif 105
Standard format:
volume RFDA page
Examples of recognised formats:
24 RFDA 195
24 Rev Fr Dr Admin 195
24 Revue Francaise de Droit Administratif 195
Rhode Island Reports: Standard format:
volume RI page
Examples of recognised formats:
11 RI 411
11 R.I. 411
11 Rhode Island Reports 411
Rhodesia and Nyasaland Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] R & N page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1961] FSC (SR) 166
[1961] R&N 166
[1961] R & N 166
[1961] R.& N. 166
[1961] R.& N.L.R 166
Road Traffic Reports: Standard format:
[year] RTR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1970 RTR 135
(1970) RTR 135
[1970] RTR 135
[1970] R.T.R. 135
[1970] R. T. R. 135
1970 Road Traffic Reports 135
(1970) Road Traffic Reports 135
[1970] Road Traffic Reports 135
Ryan & Moody’s Nisi Prius Reports: Standard format:
(year) Ry & M page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1824) R.& M. 127
(1824) R.& M.N.P. 127
(1824) Ry&M 127
(1824) Ry & M 127
(1824) Ry.& M. 127
Ryde’s Rating Cases: Standard format:
volume RRC page
Examples of recognised formats:
6 RRC 95
6 R.R.C. 95
6 Ryde's Rating Cases 95

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Case reports – S

Schoales & Lefroy’s Irish Chancery Reports: Standard format:
volume Sch & Lef page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 Sch & Lef 169
1 Sch.& Lef. 169
1 Schoales & L. 169
Scots Law Times: Standard format:
year SLT page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 SLT 7
(2007) SLT 7
[2007] SLT 7
2007 S L T 7
2007 S.L.T. 7
2007 S. L. T. 7
2007 Sc.L.T. 7
2007 Scots Law Times 7
Scots Law Times (Lands Tribunal Reports): Standard format:
year SLT (Lands Tr) page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 SLT (Lands Tr) 7
Scots Law Times (Lyon Court Reports): Standard format:
year SLT (Lyon Ct) page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 SLT (Lyon Ct) 2
Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports): Standard format:
year SLT (ShCt) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1982 SLT (ShCt) 26
(1982) SLT (ShCt) 26
[1982] SLT (ShCt) 26
1982 SLT (Sh Ct) 26
1982 S.L.T. (ShCt) 26
1982 S.L.T. (Sh Ct) 26
1982 Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports) 26
[1982] Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports) 26
Scottish Case Digests: Standard format:
year SC(D) page/month
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 SC(D) 22/3
(2002) SC(D) 22/3
[2002] SC(D) 22/3
2002 SCD 22/3
2002 S.C.D. 22/3
2002 S.C.Dig. 22/3
2002 S. C. Dig. 22/3
2002 S C Digest 22/3
2002 S.C. Digest 22/3
2002 S C Digests 22/3
2002 S.C. Digests 22/3
2002 Scottish Cases Digests 22/3
2002 Scottish Case Digests 22/3
(2002) Scottish Case Digests 22/3
[2002] Scottish Case Digests 22/3
Scottish Civil Law Reports: Standard format:
year SCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 SCLR 23
(1999) SCLR 23
[1999] SCLR 23
1999 S.C.L.R. 23
1999 S.C.L. Rep. 23
1999 S. C. L. Rep. 23
1999 SCLReports 23
1999 S.C.L. Reports 23
1999 S. C. L. Reports 23
1999 Scottish Civil Law Rep. 23
1999 Scottish Civil Law Reports 23
(1999) Scottish Civil Law Reports 23
[1999] Scottish Civil Law Reports 23
Scottish Criminal Case Reports: Standard format:
year SCCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 SCCR 21
(1998) SCCR 21
[1998] SCCR 21
1998 S C C R 21
1998 S.C.C.R. 21
1998 S. C. C. R. 21
1998 SCCRep 21
1998 S.C.C.Rep. 21
1998 S.C.C. Rep. 21
1998 SCC Reports 21
1998 S.C.C.Reports 21
1998 S.C.C. Reports 21
1998 Scottish Criminal C.R. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal C. R. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Cases Rep. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Cases Reports 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Case Rep. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Case Reports 21
(1998) Scottish Criminal Case Reports 21
[1998] Scottish Criminal Case Reports 21
Scottish Land Court Reports: Standard format:
year SLCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 SLCR 116
(2001) SLCR 116
[2001] SLCR 116
2001 S L C R 116
2001 S.L.C.R. 116
2001 S. L. C. R. 116
2001 L.C. 116
2001 Sc.La.R. 116
2001 Scottish Land Court Reports 116
[2001] Scottish Land Court Reports 116
Session Cases: Standard format:
[year] JC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1937 JC 41
(1937) JC 41
[1937] JC 41
[1937] J C 41
[1937] J.C. 41
[1937] J. C. 41
[1937] Justiciary Cases 41
Standard format:
[year] SC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1943 SC 587
(1943) SC 587
[1943] SC 587
[1943] S C 587
[1943] S.C. 587
[1943] S. C. 587
[1943] Session Cases 587
Standard format:
[year] SC(HL) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 SC(HL) 90
(1998) SC(HL) 90
[1998] SC(HL) 90
[1998] SC (HL) 90
[1998] S.C.(H.L.) 90
[1998] S.C. (H.L.) 90
Standard format:
[year] SC(PC) page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 SC(PC) 105
(2001) SC(PC) 105
[2001] SC(PC) 105
[2001] SC (PC) 105
[2001] S.C.(P.C.) 105
[2001] S.C. (P.C.) 105
[2001] S. C. (P. C.) 105
Standard format:
volume F page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
4 F 27
4 F. 27
4 C.of S.5th Series 27
4 F Ct of Sess 27
4 Fraser 27
4 Fraser (Scot.) 27
4 Fraser's Court of Session Cases, 5th Series 27
1901 4 F 27
(1901) 4 F 27
(1901) 4 F. 27
(1901) 4 C.of S.5th Series 27
(1901) 4 F Ct of Sess 27
(1901) 4 Fraser 27
(1901) 4 Fraser (Scot.) 27
(1901) 4 Fraser's Court of Session Cases, 5th Series 27
[1901] 4 F 27
Standard format:
volume F(HL) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
2 F.(H.L.) 29
1898 2 F.(H.L.) 29
(1898) 2 F.(H.L.) 29
[1898] 2 F.(H.L.) 29
Standard format:
volume F(J) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
2 F(J) 39
2 F.(J.) 39
2 F.(J.C.) 39
1900 2 F(J) 39
(1900) 2 F(J) 39
(1900) 2 F.(J.) 39
(1900) 2 F.(J.C.) 39
[1900] 2 F(J) 39
Standard format:
volume R page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
20 R 414
20 R. 414
20 R.(Ct.of Sess.) 414
20 Rettie 414
(1893) 20 Rettie 414
(1893) 20 Rettie (Ct.of Sess.) 414
Standard format:
volume R(HL) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
25 R(HL) 42
25 R.(H.L.) 42
25 Rettie (HL) 42
(1898) 25 Rettie (HL) 42
(1898) 25 Rettie (H.L.) 42
Standard format:
volume R(J) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
23 R(J) 77
23 R.(J.) 77
23 Rettie (J) 77
(1896) 23 Rettie (J) 77
(1896) 23 Rettie (J.) 77
Session Notes: Standard format:
[year] SN page
Examples of recognised formats:
1944 SN 56
(1944) SN 56
[1944] SN 56
[1944] S N 56
[1944] S.N. 56
[1944] S. N. 56
[1944] Sess.N. 56
[1944] Session Notes 56
Simon’s Tax Cases: Standard format:
[year] STC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 STC 420
(2001) STC 420
[2001] STC 420
[2001] S.T.C. 420
[2001] S. T. C. 420
2001 Simons Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simons Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simons Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon's Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon's Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon's Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon’s Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon’s Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon’s Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon’s Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon’s Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon’s Tax Cases 420
Singapore Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume SLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 SLR 749
(2000) 1 SLR 749
[2000] 1 SLR 749
[2000] 1 S L R 749
[2000] 1 S.L.R. 749
[2000] 1 S. L. R. 749
[2000] 1 Singapore Law Reports 749
Standard format:
[year-year] SLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1965-1968] SLR 85
[1965-1968] S L R 85
[1965-1968] S.L.R. 85
[1965-1968] S. L. R. 85
[1965-1968] Singapore Law Reports 85
Smith and Batty’s Irish King’s Bench Reports: Standard format:
(year) Sm & Bat page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1825) S.& B. 395
(1825) Sm & Bat 395
(1825) Sm.& Bat. 395
(1825) Sm & Bt 395
(1825) Smith & Bat. 395
South African Criminal Law Reports: Standard format:
year (volume) SACR page (C)
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 (1) SA Criminal Law Reports 556 (C)
2007 (1) SACLR 556 (C)
2007 (1) SACR 556 (C)
2007 (1) SACV 556 (C)
South Australian State Reports: Standard format:
[year] SASR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1924 SASR 347
(1924) SASR 347
[1924] SASR 347
[1924] S.A.S.R. 347
[1924] SA St R 347
[1924] So.Austr.St. 347
[1924] South Australian State Reports 347
Standard format:
volume SASR page
Examples of recognised formats:
11 SASR 148
11 S.A.S.R. 148
11 SA St R 148
11 So.Austr.St. 148
11 South Australian State Reports 148
South Eastern Reporter, Second Series: Standard format:
volume SE2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
234 SE2d 839
234 S.E.2d 839
234 South Eastern Reporter, Second Series 839
South Western Reporter, Second Series: Standard format:
volume SW 2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
23 SW 2d 713
23 S.W. 2d 713
Southern Reporter: Standard format:
volume So page
Examples of recognised formats:
145 So 544
145 So. 544
145 South. 544
145 Southern Reporter 544
Special Commissioners Decisions: Standard format:
[year] STC (SCD) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 SCD 278
(1998) SCD 278
[1998] SCD 278
[1998] S C D 278
[1998] S.C.D. 278
[1998] S. C. D. 278
1998 STC (SCD) 278
(1998) STC (SCD) 278
[1998] STC (SCD) 278
[1998] S T C (S C D) 278
[1998] S.T.C. (S.C.D.) 278
[1998] S. T. C. (S. C. D.) 278
[1998] Special Commissioners Decisions 278
(1998) Special Commissioners Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners' Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners’ Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners’ Decisions 278
State Trials: Standard format:
volume St Tr page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 StTr 135
1 St Tr 135
1 St.Tr. 135
1 St. Tr. 135
1 State Tr 135
1 State Tr. 135
1 State Trials 135
1 CobStTr 135
1 Cob St Tr 135
1 Cob.St.Tr. 135
1 Cob. St. Tr. 135
1 CobbStTr 135
1 Cobb St Tr 135
1 Cobb.St.Tr. 135
1 Cobb. St. Tr. 135
1 HowStTr 135
1 How St Tr 135
1 How.St.Tr. 135
1 How. St. Tr. 135

The year can be included, but is optional.
State Trials New Series: Standard format:
volume St Tr NS page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 StTrNS 481
4 St Tr NS 481
4 St.Tr.NS. 481
4 St.Tr.N.S. 481
4 St. Tr. NS. 481
4 St. Tr. N.S. 481
4 St Tr (NS) 481
4 St.Tr.(N.S.) 481
4 St. Tr. (N.S.) 481

The year can be included, but is optional.
Story’s United States Circuit Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Story page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 Story 768
3 Story's United States Circuit Court Reports 768
Sumner’s United States Circuit Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Sumn page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 Sumn 308
3 Sumn. 308
3 Sumner's United States Circuit Court Reports 308
Supreme Court Reporter: Standard format:
volume SCt page
Examples of recognised formats:
38 SCt 158
38 S Ct 158
38 S.Ct. 158
38 Sup.Ct. 158
38 Supr.Ct.Rep. 158
38 Supreme Court Reporter 158

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Case reports – T

Tasmanian State Reports: Standard format:
[year] TasSR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1948 TasSR 99
(1948) TasSR 99
[1948] TasSR 99
[1948] Tas SR 99
[1948] Tas.S.R. 99
[1948] Tasm.St.R. 99
[1948] Tasmanian State Reports 99
Tax Cases: Standard format:
volume TC page
Examples of recognised formats:
72 TC 472
72 T C 472
72 T.C. 472
72 T. C. 472
72 Tax Cases 472
72 HMSO Tax Cases 472
Technology and Construction Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] TCLR Tnumber
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] TCLR T3
[2006] T C L R T3
[2006] T.C.L.R. T3
[2006] T. C. L. R. T3
[2006] Technology and Construction Law Reports T3
Standard format:
[year] TCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] TCLR 55
[2006] T C L R 55
[2006] T.C.L.R. 55
[2006] T. C. L. R. 55
[2006] Technology and Construction Law Reports 55
The Times Law Reports: publication date in The Times
Examples of recognised formats:
Times 18 June 2001
Times June 18 2001
The Times 18th June 2001
The Times June 18th 2001
The Times on 18th June 2001
The Times on June 18th 2001
Times 18.6.2001
Times 18.06.2001
Times 23.6.97
Times 23.06.97
18/6/2001 Times Law Reports
Trade and Tariff Reports: Standard format:
volume TTR page
Examples of recognised formats:
6 TTR 164
6 T.T.R. 164
6 Trade and Tariff Reports 164
Traffic Cases: Standard format:
(year) volume TraffCas page
Examples of recognised formats:
1956 31 TraffCas 1
(1956) 31 TraffCas 1
[1956] 31 TraffCas 1
(1956) 31 Traff Cas 1
(1956) 31 Traff.Cas. 1
(1956) 31 Traff. Cas. 1
(1956) 31 Traffic Cases 1

The year is optional.
Transvaal Provincial Division Decisions: Standard format:
[year] TPD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1937 TPD 91
(1937) TPD 91
[1937] TPD 91
[1937] T.P.D. 91
[1937] Transvaal Provincial Division Decisions 91
Transvaal Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
[year] TS page
Examples of recognised formats:
1906 TS 798
(1906) TS 798
[1906] TS 798
[1906] T.S. 798
[1906] Transvaal Supreme Court Reports 798
Tristram’s Consistory Judgments: Standard format:
(year) Trist page
Examples of recognised formats:
(1889) Tr. 189
(1889) Tr.Consist.J. 189
1889 Trist 189
(1889) Trist 189
[1889] Trist 189
(1889) Trist. 189
(1889) Tristram 189
(1889) Tristram's Consistory Judgments 189
Tyrwhitt’s Exchequer Reports: Standard format:
volume Tyr page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 Tyr 370
3 Tyr. 370
3 Tyrw. 370
3 Tyrwhitt's Exchequer Reports 370

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Case reports – U

UK Competition Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] UKCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 UKCLR 160
(2002) UKCLR 160
[2002] UKCLR 160
[2002] U K C L R 160
[2002] U.K.C.L.R. 160
[2002] U. K. C. L. R. 160
[2002] UK C.L.R. 160
[2002] UK Competition Law Reports 160
United Kingdom Human Rights Reports: Standard format:
[year] UKHRR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 UKHRR 1275
(2001) UKHRR 1275
[2001] UKHRR 1275
[2001] U K H R R 1275
[2001] U.K.H.R.R. 1275
[2001] U. K. H. R. R. 1275
[2001] United Kingdom Human Rights Reports 1275
United States Aviation Reports: Standard format:
[year] US AvR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1949] U.S.Av. 306
[1949] U.S.Av.R. 306
[1949] U.S.Aviation Rep. 306
[1949] US AvR 306
[1949] USAvR 306
United States Law Week: Standard format:
volume USLW page
Examples of recognised formats:
54 LW 4649
54 USLW 4649
54 U.S.L.W. 4649
54 United States Law Week 4649
United States Patents Quarterly: Standard format:
volume USPQ page
Examples of recognised formats:
201 USPQ 578
201 U.S.P.Q. 578
201 United States Patents Quarterly 578
United States Patents Quarterly, Second Series: Standard format:
volume USPQ2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
31 USPQ2d 1545
31 U.S.P.Q.2d 1545
31 United States Patents Quarterly, Second Series 1545
United States Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
volume US page
Examples of recognised formats:
102 US 707
102 U.S. 707
102 U.S.S.C.Rep. 707
102 USSCR 707
102 United States Supreme Court Reports 707
United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers’ Edition: Standard format:
volume LEd page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 L.E. 287
3 LEd 287
3 L Ed 287
3 L.Ed. 287
3 L.Ed.(U.S.) 287
3 Law Ed 287
3 Law.Ed. 287
3 U.S.L.Ed. 287
3 U.S.Law.Ed. 287
3 United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers' Edition 287
Upper Canada Queen’s Bench Reports, New Series: Standard format:
volume UCQB page
Examples of recognised formats:
43 Rob. 164
43 Rob.Ont. 164
43 Rob.U.C. 164
43 Robinson 164
43 UCQB 164
43 U.C.Q.B. 164
43 U.C.R. 164
43 Upper Canada Queen's Bench Reports, New Series 164
Utah Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
volume Utah page
Examples of recognised formats:
21 Utah 446
21 Utah Supreme Court Reports 446

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Case reports – V

Value Added Tax and Duties Reports: Standard format:
[year] V & DR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 V & DR 286
(2001) V & DR 286
[2001] V & DR 286
[2001] V. & D.R. 286
[2001] Value Added Tax and Duties Reports 286
Value Added Tax Tribunal Reports: Standard format:
[year] VATTR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 VATTR 302
(1993) VATTR 302
[1993] VATTR 302
[1993] V A T T R 302
[1993] V.A.T.T.R. 302
[1993] V. A. T. T. R. 302
[1993] V.A.T.Trib.Rep. 302
[1993] Value Added Tax Tribunal Reports 302
Victorian Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] VLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1955] VLR 291
[1955] V L R 291
[1955] V.L.R. 291
[1955] Vict.L.R. 291
[1955] Victorian Law Reports 291

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Case reports – W

Weekly Criminal Bulletin: Standard format:
volume WCB page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 WCB 55
3 W.C.B. 55
3 Weekly Criminal Bulletin 55
The Weekly Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] volume W.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 3 WLR 1301
(1999) 3 W.L.R. 1301
[1999] 3 W.L.R. 1301
[1999] 3 W. L. R. 1301
[1999] 3 Weekly Law Reports 1301
[1999] 3 The Weekly Law Reports 1301
The Weekly Law Reports 1999 vol.3 p.1301
The Weekly Law Reports 1999 vol. 3 p. 1301
Weekly Reporter: Standard format:
(year) volume WR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1872 21 WR 15
(1872) 21 WR 15
[1872] 21 WR 15
(1872) 21 W R 15
(1872) 21 W.R. 15
(1872) 21 W. R. 15
(1872) 21 Week.R. 15
(1872) 21 Week.Rep. 15
(1872) 21 Week.Reptr. 15
(1872) 21 Weekly Reporter 15
(1872) 21 Weekly Reporter (1853-1906) 15
West African Court of Appeal Reports: Standard format:
volume WACA page
Examples of recognised formats:
7 WACA 156
7 W.A.C.A. 156
7 West African Court of Appeal Reports 156
West Indian Reports: Standard format:
(year) volume WIR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 49 WIR 39
(1995) 49 WIR 39
[1995] 49 WIR 39
(1995) 49 W I R 39
(1995) 49 W.I.R. 39
(1995) 49 WIRep. 39
(1995) 49 WI Rep 39
(1995) 49 W.I. Rep. 39
(1995) 49 W. I. Rep. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies LR 39
(1995) 49 West Indies L.R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies L. R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indian LR 39
(1995) 49 West Indian L.R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indian L. R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indian Rep. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies Rep. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies Law Reports 39
[1995] 49 West Indies Law Reports 39
(1995) 49 West Indian Law Reports 39
Western Appeal Cases: Standard format:
volume WAC page
Examples of recognised formats:
53 WAC 221
53 W.A.C. 221
53 Western Appeal Cases 221
Western Weekly Reports: Standard format:
[year] WWR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1976 WWR 331
(1976) WWR 331
[1976] WWR 331
[1976] W.W.R. 331
[1976] West.Week.(Can.) 331
[1976] West.Week.N.S.(Can.) 331
[1976] West.Week.Rep. 331
[1976] Western Weekly Reports 331
Standard format:
volume WWR page
Examples of recognised formats:
9 WWR 333
9 W.W.R. 333
9 West.Week.(Can.) 333
9 West.Week.N.S.(Can.) 333
9 West.Week.Rep. 333
9 Western Weekly Reports 333
Wheaton’s Supreme Court Reports: Standard format:
volume WSCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
7 U.S.(Wheat.) 283
7 Wheat 283
7 Wheat. 283
7 Wheaton 283
7 Wheaton's Supreme Court Reports 283
White & Tudor, Leading Cases in Equity. 9th ed.: Standard format:
volume White & Tud LC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 White & T.L.Cas. 160
1 White & Tud LC 160
1 White & Tud L C 160
1 White & Tud.L.C. 160
1 White & Tudor 160
Wills & Trusts Law Reports: Standard format:
[year] WTLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 WTLR 823
(2006) WTLR 823
[2006] WTLR 823
[2006] W T L R 823
[2006] W.T.L.R. 823
[2006] W. T. L. R. 823
[2006] Wills & Trusts Law Reports 823
Wilson & Shaw’s Appeal Cases, House of Lords: Standard format:
volume Wils & Sh page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 W & S 441
3 W.& S. 441
3 Wils.& S. 441
3 Wils & Sh 441
3 Wilson & Shaw 441
Wisconsin Reports, Second Series: Standard format:
volume Wis 2d page
Examples of recognised formats:
113 W. 2d 376
113 Wis 2d 376
113 Wis. 2d 376
Witwatersrand Local Division Reports: Standard format:
[year] WLDR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1922 WLD 133
(1922) WLD 133
[1922] WLD 133
[1922] W.L.D. 133
[1922] Witwatersrand Local Division Reports 133
Workers’ Compensation Commission Reports of Cases: Standard format:
volume WCR (NSW) page
Examples of recognised formats:
13 WCR (NSW) 180

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Case reports – Y

Yearbook of Commercial Arbitration: Standard format:
volume YBCA page
Examples of recognised formats:
15 YBCA 384
15 Yearbook of Commercial Arbitration 384

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Case Reports – The Law Reports

The Law Reports – First Series (1865–1875)

Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Cases (volumes 1–4): Standard format:
LR volume A & E page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 1 A&E 314
L.R. 1 A.&E. 314
LR 1 A & E 314
L.R. 1 A & E 314
L. R. 1 A. & E. 314
L. R. 1 Adm. & Ecc. 314
LR (1867) 1 A&E 314
L.R. (1867) 1 A.&E. 314
LR (1867) 1 A & E 314
L.R. (1867) 1 A & E 314
L. R. (1867) 1 A. & E. 314
L. R. (1867) 1 Adm. & Ecc. 314
(1867) LR 1 A&E 314
(1867) L.R. 1 A.&E. 314
(1867) LR 1 A & E 314
(1867) L.R. 1 A & E 314
(1867) L. R. 1 A. & E. 314
(1867) L. R. 1 Adm. & Ecc. 314
Chancery Appeal Cases (volumes 1–10): Standard format:
LR volume ChApp page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 Ch 22
L.R. 10 Ch. 22
LR 10 ChApp 22
L.R. 10 ChApp 22
LR 10 Ch App 22
L.R. 10 Ch.App. 22
LR (1874) 10 Ch 22
L.R. (1874) 10 Ch. 22
LR (1874) 10 ChApp 22
L.R. (1874) 10 ChApp 22
LR (1874) 10 Ch App 22
L.R. (1874) 10 Ch.App. 22
(1874) LR 10 Ch 22
(1874) L.R. 10 Ch. 22
(1874) LR 10 ChApp 22
(1874) L.R. 10 ChApp 22
(1874) LR 10 Ch App 22
(1874) L.R. 10 Ch.App. 22
Common Pleas (volumes 1–10): Standard format:
LR volume CP page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 CP 166
L.R. 10 CP 166
L.R. 10 C.P. 166
L. R. 10 C. P. 166
LR (1875) 10 CP 166
L.R. (1875) 10 CP 166
L.R. (1875) 10 C.P. 166
L. R. (1875) 10 C. P. 166
(1875) LR 10 CP 166
(1875) L.R. 10 CP 166
(1875) L.R. 10 C.P. 166
(1875) L. R. 10 C. P. 166
Crown Cases Reserved (volumes 1–2): Standard format:
LR volume CCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 1 CC 125
L.R. 1 C.C. 125
L. R. 1 C. C. 125
LR 1 CCR 125
L.R. 1 CCR 125
L.R. 1 C.C.R. 125
L. R. 1 C. C. R. 125
LR 1 CrC 125
L.R. 1 Cr.C. 125
L. R. 1 Cr. C. 125
LR (1868) 1 CC 125
L.R. (1868) 1 C.C. 125
L. R. (1868) 1 C. C. 125
LR (1868) 1 CCR 125
L.R. (1868) 1 CCR 125
L.R. (1868) 1 C.C.R. 125
L. R. (1868) 1 C. C. R. 125
LR (1868) 1 CrC 125
L.R. (1868) 1 Cr.C. 125
L. R. (1868) 1 Cr. C. 125
(1868) LR 1 CC 125
(1868) L.R. 1 C.C. 125
(1868) L. R. 1 C. C. 125
(1868) LR 1 CCR 125
(1868) L.R. 1 CCR 125
(1868) L.R. 1 C.C.R. 125
(1868) L. R. 1 C. C. R. 125
(1868) LR 1 CrC 125
(1868) L.R. 1 Cr.C. 125
(1868) L. R. 1 Cr. C. 125
Equity Cases (volumes 1–20): Standard format:
LR volume Eq page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 20 Eq 383
L.R. 20 Eq 383
L.R. 20 Eq. 383
L. R. 20 Eq. 383
LR (1875) 20 Eq 383
L.R. (1875) 20 Eq 383
L.R. (1875) 20 Eq. 383
L. R. (1875) 20 Eq. 383
(1875) LR 20 Eq 383
(1875) L.R. 20 Eq 383
(1875) L.R. 20 Eq. 383
(1875) L. R. 20 Eq. 383
Exchequer (volumes 1–10): Standard format:
LR volume Exch page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 Ex 274
L.R. 10 Ex. 274
L. R. 10 Ex. 274
LR 10 Exch 274
L.R. 10 Exch 274
L.R. 10 Exch. 274
L. R. 10 Exch. 274
LR (1875) 10 Ex 274
L.R. (1875) 10 Ex. 274
L. R. (1875) 10 Ex. 274
LR (1875) 10 Exch 274
L.R. (1875) 10 Exch 274
L.R. (1875) 10 Exch. 274
L. R. (1875) 10 Exch. 274
(1875) LR 10 Ex 274
(1875) L.R. 10 Ex. 274
(1875) L. R. 10 Ex. 274
(1875) LR 10 Exch 274
(1875) L.R. 10 Exch 274
(1875) L.R. 10 Exch. 274
(1875) L. R. 10 Exch. 274
House of Lords (volumes 1–7): Standard format:
LR volume HL page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 6 HL 434
L.R. 6 HL 434
L.R. 6 H.L. 434
L. R. 6 H. L. 434
LR (1873) 6 HL 434
L.R. (1873) 6 HL 434
L.R. (1873) 6 H.L. 434
L. R. (1873) 6 H. L. 434
(1873) LR 6 HL 434
(1873) L.R. 6 HL 434
(1873) L.R. 6 H.L. 434
(1873) L. R. 6 H. L. 434
Privy Council (volumes 1–6): Standard format:
LR volume PC page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 2 PC 88
L.R. 2 PC 88
L.R. 2 P.C. 88
L. R. 2 P. C. 88
LR (1868) 2 PC 88
L.R. (1868) 2 PC 88
L.R. (1868) 2 P.C. 88
L. R. (1868) 2 P. C. 88
(1868) LR 2 PC 88
(1868) L.R. 2 PC 88
(1868) L.R. 2 P.C. 88
(1868) L. R. 2 P. C. 88
Probate and Divorce (volumes 1–3): Standard format:
LR volume P & D page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 2 P&D 420
LR 2 P & D 420
L.R. 2 P & D 420
L.R. 2 P.&D. 420
L. R. 2 P. & D. 420
LR (1872) 2 P&D 420
LR (1872) 2 P & D 420
L.R. (1872) 2 P & D 420
L.R. (1872) 2 P.&D. 420
L. R. (1872) 2 P. & D. 420
(1872) LR 2 P&D 420
(1872) LR 2 P & D 420
(1872) L.R. 2 P & D 420
(1872) L.R. 2 P.&D. 420
(1872) L. R. 2 P. & D. 420
Queen’s Bench (volumes 1–10): Standard format:
LR volume QB page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 QB 140
L.R. 10 QB 140
L.R. 10 Q.B. 140
L. R. 10 Q. B. 140
LR (1875) 10 QB 140
L.R. (1875) 10 QB 140
L.R. (1875) 10 Q.B. 140
L. R. (1875) 10 Q. B. 140
(1875) LR 10 QB 140
(1875) L.R. 10 QB 140
(1875) L.R. 10 Q.B. 140
(1875) L. R. 10 Q. B. 140
Scotch and Divorce Appeals in the House of Lords (volumes 1–2): Standard format:
LR volume Sc & Div page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 1 Sc&Div 145
LR 1 Sc & Div 145
L.R. 1 Sc & Div 145
L.R. 1 Sc.&Div. 145
L. R. 1 Sc. & Div. 145
L.R. 1 H.L.Sc. 145
L. R. 1 H. L. Sc. 145
LR (1867) 1 Sc&Div 145
LR (1867) 1 Sc & Div 145
L.R. (1867) 1 Sc & Div 145
L.R. (1867) 1 Sc.&Div. 145
L. R. (1867) 1 Sc. & Div. 145
L.R. (1867) 1 H.L.Sc. 145
L. R. (1867) 1 H. L. Sc. 145
(1867) LR 1 Sc&Div 145
(1867) LR 1 Sc & Div 145
(1867) L.R. 1 Sc & Div 145
(1867) L.R. 1 Sc.&Div. 145
(1867) L. R. 1 Sc. & Div. 145
(1867) L.R. 1 H.L.Sc. 145
(1867) L. R. 1 H. L. Sc. 145

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The Law Reports – Second Series (1875–1890)

Appeal Cases (volumes 1–15): Standard format:
volume App Cas page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 AppCas 459
3 App Cas 459
3 App.Cas. 459
3 App. Cas. 459
(1879) 3 AppCas 459
(1879) 3 App Cas 459
(1879) 3 App.Cas. 459
(1879) 3 App. Cas. 459
Chancery Division (volumes 1–45): Standard format:
volume ChD page
Examples of recognised formats:
42 ChD 436
42 Ch D 436
42 Ch.D. 436
42 Ch. D. 436
(1889) 42 ChD 436
(1889) 42 Ch D 436
(1889) 42 Ch.D. 436
(1889) 42 Ch. D. 436
Common Pleas Division (volumes 1–5): Standard format:
volume CPD page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 CPD 39
4 C P D 39
4 C.P.D. 39
4 C. P. D. 39
(1878) 4 CPD 39
(1878) 4 C P D 39
(1878) 4 C.P.D. 39
(1878) 4 C. P. D. 39
Exchequer Division (volumes 1–5): Standard format:
volume ExD page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 ExD 319
5 Ex D 319
5 Ex.D. 319
5 Ex. D. 319
(1880) 5 ExD 319
(1880) 5 Ex D 319
(1880) 5 Ex.D. 319
(1880) 5 Ex. D. 319
Probate Division (volumes 1–15): Standard format:
volume PD page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 PD 243
2 P D 243
2 P.D. 243
2 P. D. 243
(1877) 2 PD 243
(1877) 2 P D 243
(1877) 2 P.D. 243
(1877) 2 P. D. 243
Queen’s Bench Division (volumes 1–25): Standard format:
volume QBD page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 QBD 284
5 Q B D 284
5 Q.B.D. 284
5 Q. B. D. 284
(1880) 5 QBD 284
(1880) 5 Q B D 284
(1880) 5 Q.B.D. 284
(1880) 5 Q. B. D. 284

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The Law Reports – Third Series (1891–present day)

Volume numbers are used only if more than one volume is needed in a particular year.

Appeal Cases: Standard format:
[year] volume AC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 AC 75
(1995) 2 AC 75
[1995] 2 AC 75
[1995] 2 A C 75
[1995] 2 A.C. 75
[1995] 2 A. C. 75
[1995] 2 Appeal Cases 75
The Law Reports ; Appeal Cases 1995 vol.2 p.75
The Law Reports ; Appeal Cases 1995 vol. 2 p. 75
Chancery: Standard format:
[year] volume Ch page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 Ch 372
(1993) Ch 372
[1993] Ch 372
[1993] Ch. 372
[1993] Chancery 372
[1993] Chancery Division 372
[1993] 1 Chancery Division 372
The Law Reports ; Chancery Division 1993 p.372
The Law Reports ; Chancery Division 1993 p. 372
Family (since 1972): Standard format:
[year] volume Fam page
Examples of recognised formats:
1980 Fam 99
(1980) Fam 99
[1980] Fam 99
[1980] Fam. 99
[1980] Family 99
[1980] Family Division 99
[1980] 1 Family Division 99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 p.99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 p. 99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 vol.1 p.99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 vol. 1 p. 99
King’s Bench: Standard format:
[year] volume KB page
Examples of recognised formats:
1948 2 KB 116
(1948) 2 KB 116
[1948] 2 KB 116
[1948] 2 K B 116
[1948] 2 K.B. 116
[1948] 2 K. B. 116
[1948] 2 Kings Bench 116
[1948] 2 Kings Bench Division 116
[1948] 2 King's Bench 116
[1948] 2 King's Bench Division 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench Division 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench Division 116
The Law Reports ; Kings Bench Division 1948 vol.2 p.116
The Law Reports ; Kings Bench Division 1948 vol. 2 p. 116
Probate (only till 1971): Standard format:
[year] volume P page
Examples of recognised formats:
1968 P 618
(1968) P 618
[1968] P 618
[1968] P. 618
[1968] Probate 618
[1968] Probate Division 618
[1968] 1 Probate Division 618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 p.618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 p. 618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 vol.1 p.618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 vol. 1 p. 618
Queen’s Bench: Standard format:
[year] volume QB page
Examples of recognised formats:
1991 2 QB 480
(1991) 2 QB 480
[1991] 2 QB 480
[1991] 2 Q B 480
[1991] 2 Q.B. 480
[1991] 2 Q. B. 480
[1991] 2 Queens Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queens Bench Division 480
[1991] 2 Queen's Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queen's Bench Division 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench Division 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench Division 480
The Law Reports ; Queens Bench Division 1991 vol.2 p.480
The Law Reports ; Queens Bench Division 1991 vol. 2 p. 480

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Case reports – neutral citations

Neutral citations are unique references to judgments that are independent of any printed case report series, and can also be used to locate transcripts in JustCite. For example:

[2002] EWHC 317 (Fam)

JustCite can recognise neutral citations in the standard formats, and also in variants with and without brackets, parentheses and full stops, for example:

2002 EWHC 317 Fam
2002 E.W.H.C. 317 (Fam)
(2002) EWHC 317 Fam
[2002] EWHC 317 (Fam.)

United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Hong Kong
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Singapore

Neutral citations – United Kingdom

Neutral citations were introduced in the U.K. by Practice Direction (Judgments: Form and Citation), [2001] 1 WLR 194 and came into effect on 11th January 2001.

With effect from 14th January 2002, neutral citations were extended to all judgments given by judges in the High Court in London, using a number provided from a register kept at the High Court, as set out in Practice Direction (Judgments: Neutral Citations), [2002] 1 WLR 346. The formats are:

Court	Citation format
Court of Appeal (Civil Division)	[2001] EWCA Civ 989
Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)	[2001] EWCA Crim 168
High Court (Administrative Court)	Before 14th January 2002: [2001] EWHC Admin 294 From 14th January 2002: [2002] EWHC 396 (Admin)
High Court (Admiralty Court)	[2002] EWHC 370 (Admlty)
High Court (Chancery Division)	[2002] EWHC 367 (Ch)
High Court (Commercial Court)	[2003] EWHC 687 (Comm)
High Court (Family Division)	[2002] EWHC 2734 (Fam)
High Court (Patents Court)	[2004] EWHC 482 (Pat) [2004] EWHC 482 (Patent)
High Court (Queen’s Bench Division)	[2003] EWHC 1830 (QB) [2003] EWHC 1830 (Q.B.)
High Court (Technology and Construction Court)	[2003] EWHC 2114 (TCC) [2003] EWHC 2114 (T.C.C.)
House of Lords	[2001] UKHL 37
Privy Council	[2001] UKPC 30
Privy Council (devolution in Scotland)	[2001] UKPC D2
High Court of Justice Northern Ireland: Queen’s Bench Division	[2006] NIQB 48 [2006] N.I.Q.B. 48
United Kingdom Employment Appeals Tribunal	[2005] UKEAT 0046
United Kingdom Immigration Appeals Tribunal	[2005] UKIAT 00012

JustCite can recognize some variations of court names, such as “Patent” instead of “Pat”.

This ability to recognise variations of court names also allows JustCite to recognise neutral citations where more than one court is represented in the citation, for example:

[2002] EWHC 18 (Fam/Admin)

Neutral citations – Australia

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the following Australian courts:

Court	Citation format
Australian Patents Office	[2005] APO 24 [2005] A.P.O. 24
Family Court	(1998) FamCA 1551
Federal Court	[2005] FCA 1242
Federal Court: Full Court	[2005] FCAFC 162
Federal Magistrates Court	[2006] FMCA 1767
High Court	[2006] HCA 3
Industrial Relations Court	[1995] IRCA 222 [1995] I R C A 222 [1995] I.R.C.A. 222
New South Wales Administrative Decisions Tribunal Appeal Panel	[2007] NSWADTAP 17 [2007] N.S.W.A.D.T.A.P. 17
Northern Territory Supreme Court	[1999] NTSC 143 [1999] N.T.S.C. 143
Queensland District Court	[2003] QDC 4
Queensland Supreme Court: Court of Appeal	[2001] QCA 246
South Australia Supreme Court	[2005] SASC 122
Victoria Civil and Administrative Tribunal	[2004] VCAT 2510
Victoria Court of Appeal	[2005] VSCA 139
Victoria Supreme Court	[1999] VSC 170
Western Australia Supreme Court	[1999] WASC 1050

Neutral citations – Canada

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the following Canadian courts:

Court	Citation format
British Columbia Court of Appeal	[2004] BCCA 484

Neutral citations – Fiji

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the following Fijian courts:

Court	Citation format
Fiji Supreme Court	[2005] FJSC 1

Neutral citations – Hong Kong

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the following Hong Kong courts:

Court	Citation format
Hong Kong Court of Appeal	[1998] HKCA 107
Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal	[2003] HKCFA 46
Hong Kong Court of First Instance	[2006] HKCFI 465

Neutral citations – New Zealand

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the following New Zealand courts:

Court	Citation format
New Zealand Court of Appeal	[2004] NZCA 34

Neutral citations – Papua New Guinea

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the following Papua New Guinea courts:

Court	Citation format
Papua New Guinea Supreme Court	[1980] PGSC 4

Neutral citations – Singapore

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Federal Court of Singapore.

Court	Citation format
Court of Appeal	[2006] SGCA 28
Federal Court	[1965] SGFC 11
High Court	[1993] SGHC 101

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Case reports – case names

JustCite can recognise full case names, such as “Reg. v. Fulling”, and words from case names, such as “Fulling”. Do not include “ver.” or “versus” when searching for a case name.

For a full case name, the spelling in the reference must match that in the original document. Therefore if the reference is “Reg. v. Fulling”, then this will not match “R. v. Fulling” or “Regina v. Fulling”.

It can be better to use words for which the spelling is certain. For example “Fulling” would retrieve “R. v. Fulling”, “Reg. ver. Fulling” or “Regina versus Fulling”.

If you need to include the crown as one of the parties, use:

(r or reg or regina or "the queen" or rex or "the crown")

Words in case names are not case-sensitive, and so proper names such as “Fulling” do not have to be entered with a capital letter.

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12th November 2008

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