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Valid case report reference formats for JustCite

JustCite incorporates linking technology developed by Justis Publishing that recognises a string of characters as a citation of a document, and then locates and displays the appropriate data about that document.

You can use citations in the following formats in the Citation field on the Search In Cases screen, or on the Quick Search screen.

The citation formats for case reports that JustCite can recognise include:

J-Link logo   If you see any of these references on a web page, then you can use the free J-Link legal research tool to convert them into links to information in JustCite.

Case reports – publication reference formats

It does not matter whether the reference includes full, partial or no punctuation; or is in upper, lower or mixed case. The page number (the last entity in the reference) can be any page number from the case report, not necessarily the first page.

The format of the data varies between products:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

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Case reports – A

Administrative Court Digest (formerly Crown Office Digest)
Standard format:
[year] A.C.D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2005] ACD 1
[2005] A C D 1
2005 A.C.D. 1
(2005) A.C.D. 1
[2005] A.C.D. 1
[2005] A. C. D. 1
[2005] Administrative Court Digest 1
Standard format:
[year] COD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 COD 525
(1999) COD 525
[1999] COD 525
[1999] C O D 525
[1999] C.O.D. 525
[1999] C. O. D. 525
[1999] Crown Office Digest 525

All England Commercial Cases
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 1 All ER (comm) 1
(1999) 1 All ER (comm) 1
[1999] 1 All ER (comm) 1
[1999] 1 All E.R. (comm) 1
[1999] 1 All E. R. (comm) 1
1999 1 All England Commercial Cases 1
(1999) 1 All England Commercial Cases 1
[1999] 1 All England Commercial Cases 1

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.

All England Digest
Examples of recognised formats:
[1999] All ER (D) 1
[2002] All ER (D) 414 (Jul)

All England European Cases
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 All ER (EC) 1
(1999) All ER (EC) 1
[1999] All ER (EC) 1
[1999] All E.R. (E.C.) 1
[1999] All E. R. (E. C.) 1
1999 All England European Cases 1
(1999) All England European Cases 1
[1999] All England European Cases 1

All England Law Reports
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 2 All ER 210
(1996) 2 All ER 210
[1996] 2 All ER 210
[1996] 2 All E.R. 210
[1996] 2 All E. R. 210
1996 2 All England Law Reports 210
(1996) 2 All England Law Reports 210
[1996] 2 All England Law Reports 210

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.

Australian Law Journal Reports
Standard format:
(year) volume ALR page
Examples of recognised formats:
71 ALJR 903
1997 71 ALJR 903
(1997) 71 ALJR 903
(1997) 71 A L J R 903
(1997) 71 A.L.J.R. 903
(1997) 71 Aust.L.J.R. 903
(1997) 71 Austl.L.J.Rep. 903
(1997) 71 Australian Law Journal Reports 903

The year is optional.

Australian Law Reports
Standard format:
(year) volume ALR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1984 51 ALR 609
(1984) 51 ALR 609
(1984) 51 A L R 609
(1984) 51 A.L.R. 609
(1984) 51 A. L. R. 609
(1984) 51 Australian Law Reports 609

The year is optional.

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Case reports – B

Bankruptcy and Personal Insolvency Reports
Standard format:
[year] BPIR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 BPIR 733
(2001) BPIR 733
[2001] BPIR 733
[2001] B P I R 733
[2001] B.P.I.R. 733
[2001] B. P. I. R. 733
(2001) Bankruptcy and Personal Insolvency Reports 733
[2001] Bankruptcy and Personal Insolvency Reports 733

British Tax Cases
Standard format:
[year] BTC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2004 BTC 5357
(2004) BTC 5357
[2004] BTC 5357
[2004] B T C 5357
[2004] B.T.C. 5357
[2004] B. T. C. 5357
2004 British Tax Cases 5357
(2004) British Tax Cases 5357
[2004] British Tax Cases 5357

British VAT Cases
Standard format:
[year] BVC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 BVC 4078
(2002) BVC 4078
[2002] BVC 4078
[2002] B V C 4078
[2002] B.V.C. 4078
[2002] B. V. C. 4078
2002 British VAT Cases 4078
(2002) British VAT Cases 4078
[2002] British VAT Cases 4078
2002 British Value Added Tax Cases 4078
(2002) British Value Added Tax Cases 4078
[2002] British Value Added Tax Cases 4078

Building Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] B.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2003] BLR 1
[2003] B L R 1
[2003] B.L.R. 1
[2003] B. L. R. 1

Business Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] Bus LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 Bus LR 188
(2007) Bus LR 188
[2007] Bus LR 188
[2007] Bus.LR 188
[2007] Business Law Reports 188
Standard format:
[year] Bus LR Digest page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 Bus LR Digest 13
(2007) Bus LR Digest 13
[2007] Bus LR Digest 13
[2007] Bus.LR Digest 13
2007 Bus LR Digest D13
(2007) Bus LR Digest D13
[2007] Bus LR Digest D13
[2007] Bus.LR Digest D13
2007 Bus LR D13
(2007) Bus LR D13
[2007] Bus LR D13
[2007] Bus.LR D13

Butterworths Company Law Cases
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 BCLC 36
(2000) 1 BCLC 36
[2000] BCLC 36
[2000] 1 BCLC 36
[2000] 1 B.C.L.C. 36
[2000] 1 B. C. L. C. 36
2000 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
(2000) 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
[2000] 1 Butterworths Company Law Cases 36
[2000] Butterworths Company Law Cases 36

If the volume number is not specified, then volume 1 is assumed.

Butterworths Human Rights Cases
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 8 BHRC 1
(2000) 8 BHRC 1
(2000) 8 B H R C 1
(2000) 8 B.H.R.C. 1
(2000) 8 B. H. R. C. 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths HR Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H R Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H.R. Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths H. R. Cases 1
(2000) 8 Butterworths Human Rights Cases 1
[2000] 8 Butterworths Human Rights Cases 1

Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 35 BMLR 79
(1996) 35 BMLR 79
(1996) 35 B M L R 79
(1996) 35 B.M.L.R. 79
(1996) 35 B. M. L. R. 79
(1996) 35 Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports 79
[1996] 35 Butterworths Medico-Legal Reports 79

The year is optional.

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Case reports – C

Civil Practice Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] CPLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 CPLR 630
(1999) CPLR 630
[1999] C P L R 630
[1999] C.P.L.R. 630
[1999] C. P. L. R. 630
[1999] Civil Practice Law Reports 630

Civil Procedure Reports
Standard format:
[year] CP Rep page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 CP Rep 103
(2001) CP Rep 103
[2001] CP Rep 103
[2001] C.P. Rep. 103
[2001] Civil Procedure Reports 103

Commercial Cases
Standard format:
(year) volume Com Cas page
Examples of recognised formats:
1923 29 Com Cas 19
(1923) 29 Com Cas 19
[1923] 29 Com Cas 19
(1923) 29 Com.Cas. 19
(1923) 29 Com. Cas. 19
(1923) 29 Commercial Cases 19

The year is optional.

Commercial Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] Com LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1981 Com LR 138
(1981) Com LR 138
[1981] Com LR 138
[1981] Com.L.R. 138
[1981] Com. L.R. 138
[1981] Comm LR 138
[1981] Commercial Law Reports 138

Common Market Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume C.M.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 5 CMLR 219
(1996) 5 C.M.L.R. 219
[1996] 5 C.M.L.R. 219
[1996] 5 C. M. L. R. 219
[1996] 5 Common Market Law Reports 219
1968 CMLR D13
(1968) C.M.L.R. D13
[1968] C.M.L.R. D13
[1968] C. M. L. R. D13
[1968] Common Market Law Reports D13

Commonwealth Law Reports
Standard format:
(year) volume CLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
95 CLR 43
1955 95 CLR 43
(1955) 95 CLR 43
(1955) 95 C L R 43
(1955) 95 C.L.R. 43
(1955) 95 C. L. R. 43
(1955) 95 CommonwLR 43
(1955) 95 Commonw LR 43
(1955) 95 Commonw L R 43
(1955) 95 Commonw.L.R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonw. L.R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonw. L. R. 43
(1955) 95 Commonwealth Law Reports 43

Competition Appeal Reports
Standard format:
[year] Comp AR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2003 Comp AR 13
(2003) Comp AR 13
[2003] Comp AR 13
[2003] CompAR 13
[2003] Comp. A.R. 13
[2003] Competition Appeal Reports 13

Construction Law Reports
Examples of recognised formats:
75 ConLR 7
75 Con L R 7
75 Con.L.R. 7
75 Con. L. R. 7
75 Construction LR 7
75 Construction L R 7
75 Construction L.R. 7
75 Construction L. R. 7
75 Construction Law Rep 7
75 Construction Law Rep. 7
75 Construction Law Reports 7

Consumer Credit Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume CCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 3 CCLR 122
(2000) 3 CCLR 122
[2000] 3 CCLR 122
[2000] 3 C C L R 122
[2000] 3 C.C.L.R. 122
[2000] 3 C. C. L. R. 122
[2000] Consumer Credit Law Reports 122

Criminal Appeal Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume Cr.App.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 Cr.App.R. 10
(1995) 2 Cr.App.R. 10
[1995] 2 Cr.App.R. 10
[1995] 2 Cr. App. R. 10
[1995] 2 Criminal Appeal Reports 10

Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) (from 1996 onwards)
Standard format:
[year] volume Cr.App.R.(S.) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 94
(1996) 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 94
[1996] 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 94
[1996] 1 Cr. App. R. (S.) 94
[1996] 1 Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) 94

Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) (from 1979 to 1995)
Standard format:
(year) volume Cr.App.R.(S.) page
NOTE: (year) is optional
Examples of recognised formats:
4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
1982 4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
[1982] 4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
(1982) 4 Cr.App.R.(S.) 100
(1982) 4 Cr. App. R. (S.) 100
(1982) 4 Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) 100

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Case reports – D

Daily Cases
Standard format:
dd/mm/yyyy Daily Cases
Examples of recognised formats:
21/12/2001 Daily Cases

This format will display a list of the cases for the specified day.

Dominion Law Reports
Standard format:
(year) volume DLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1947 4 DLR 67
(1947) 4 DLR 67
[1947] 4 DLR 67
(1947) 4 D L R 67
(1947) 4 D.L.R. 67
(1947) 4 D. L. R. 67
(1947) 4 DomLR 67
(1947) 4 Dom L R 67
(1947) 4 Dominion Law Reports 67
Standard format:
(year) volume DLR (series no.) page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 203 DLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 DLR (4th) 128
[2001] 203 DLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D L R (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D.L.R. (4th) 128
(2001) 203 D. L. R. (4th) 128
(2001) 203 DomLR (4th) 128
(2001) 203 Dom L R (4th) 128
(2001) 203 Dominion Law Reports (4th) 128

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Case reports – E

Education Case Reports
Standard format:
[year] Ed CR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 Ed CR 117
(2000) Ed CR 117
[2000] Ed CR 117
[2000] Ed C R 117
[2000] Ed.C.R. 117
[2000] Ed. C.R. 117
[2000] Ed. C. R. 117
[2000] Education Case Reports 117

English Reports
Standard format:
volume Eng. Rep. page
Examples of recognised formats:
98 er 201
98 ER 201
98 E.R. 201
98 E. R. 201
98 EngRep 201
98 Eng Rep 201
98 Eng.Rep. 201
98 Eng. Rep. 201
98 English Reports 201

Entertainment and Media Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] E.M.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2005] EMLR 15
[2005] E M L R 15
2005 E.M.L.R. 15
(2005) E.M.L.R. 15
[2005] E.M.L.R. 15
[2005] E. M. L. R. 15
[2005] Entertainment and Media Law Reports 1

Environmental Health Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] EHLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 EHLR 154
(2000) EHLR 154
[2000] EHLR 154
[2000] E H L R 154
[2000] E.H.L.R. 154
[2000] E. H. L. R. 154
[2000] Environmental Health Law Reports 154

Environmental Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] Env. L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] EnvLR 15
[2006] Env LR 15
[2006] Env.L.R. 15
2006 Env. L.R. 15
(2006) Env. L.R. 15
[2006] Env. L.R. 15
[2006] Env. L. R. 15
[2006] Environmental Law Reports 15

Estates Gazette Case Summaries
Standard format:
[year] EGLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 EGCS 114
(2000) EGCS 114
[2000] EGCS 114
[2000] E G C S 114
[2000] E.G.C.S. 114
[2000] E. G. C. S. 114
[2000] Estates Gazette Case Summaries 114

Estates Gazette Digest of Cases
Standard format:
[year] EGLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1983 EGD 1071
(1983) EGD 1071
[1983] EGD 1071
[1983] E G D 1071
[1983] E.G.D. 1071
[1983] E. G. D. 1071
[1983] Est.Gaz.Dig. 1071
[1983] Estates Gazette Digest of Cases 1071

Estates Gazette Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume EGLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 EGLR 134
(1995) 2 EGLR 134
[1995] 2 EGLR 134
[1995] 2 E G L R 134
[1995] 2 E.G.L.R. 134
[1995] 2 E. G. L. R. 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette LR 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette L R 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette L.R. 134
[1995] 2 Estates Gazette Law Reports 134

European Copyright and Design Reports
Standard format:
[year] ECDR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 ECDR 305
(2006) ECDR 305
[2006] ECDR 305
[2006] E C D R 305
[2006] E.C.D.R. 305
[2006] E. C. D. R. 305
[2006] European Copyright and Design Reports 305

European Court of Human Rights Cases
Standard format:
[year] ECHR case/year of application
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 ECHR 70665/01
(2005) ECHR 70665/01
[2005] ECHR 70665/01
[2005] E C H R 70665/01
[2005] E.C.H.R. 70665/01
[2005] E. C. H. R. 70665/01
(2005) European Court of Human Rights Cases 70665/01
[2005] European Court of Human Rights Cases 70665/01
Standard format:
ECHR case number/year - date
Examples of recognised formats:
ECHR case 63478/2000 - 08/01/2008
E.C.H.R. case 63478/2000 - 08/01/2008
Standard format:
ECHR case date
Examples of recognised formats:
ECHR case 19/4/2001 [gives a list of cases for the specified date]
E.C.H.R. case 19/4/2001

European Human Rights Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume EHRR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 29 EHRR 125
(2000) 29 EHRR 125
[2000] 29 EHRR 125
[2000] 29 E H R R 125
[2000] 29 E.H.R.R. 125
[2000] 29 E. H. R. R. 125
[2000] 29 European Human Rights Reports 125

European Human Rights Reports, Commission Decisions
Standard format:
[year] volume EHRR CD page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 20 EHRR CD 6
(1996) 20 EHRR CD 6
[1996] 20 EHRR CD 6
[1996] 20 E H R R CD 6
[1996] 20 E.H.R.R. CD 6
[1996] 20 E. H. R. R. CD 6
[1996] 20 European Human Rights Reports CD 6

European Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] EuLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 EuLR 507
(1998) EuLR 507
[1998] EuLR 507
[1998] Eu.L.R. 507
[1998] Eu. L.R. 507
[1998] European Law Reports 507

European National Patent Reports
Standard format:
[year] ENPR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 ENPR 87
(2000) ENPR 87
[2000] ENPR 87
[2000] E N P R 87
[2000] E.N.P.R. 87
[2000] E. N. P. R. 87
[2000] European National Patent Reports 87

European Patent Office Reports
Standard format:
[year] EPOR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 EPOR 5
(2002) EPOR 5
[2002] EPOR 5
[2002] E P O R 5
[2002] E.P.O.R. 5
[2002] E. P. O. R. 5
[2002] European Patent Office Reports 5

European Trade Mark Reports
Standard format:
[year] ETMR page
2005 ETMR 32
(2005) ETMR 32
[2005] ETMR 32
[2005] E T M R 32
[2005] E.T.M.R. 32
[2005] E. T. M. R. 32
[2005] European Trade Mark Reports 32

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Case reports – F

Family Court Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume FCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 2 FCR 614
(2000) 2 FCR 614
[2000] 2 FCR 614
[2000] 2 F.C.R. 614
[2000] 2 F. C. R. 614
[2000] 2 FCRep 614
[2000] 2 F.C.Rep. 614
[2000] 2 F.C. Reporter 614
[2000] 2 F. C. Reporter 614
[2000] 2 Family Court Reporter 614
[2000] 2 FCReports 614
[2000] 2 F C Reports 614
[2000] 2 F.C. Reports 614
[2000] 2 Family Court Reports 614
(2000) 2 Family Court Reports 614

Family Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume F.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 FLR 171
(1995) 2 F.L.R. 171
[1995] 2 F.L.R. 171
[1995] 2 F. L. R. 171
[1995] 2 Family Law Reports 171

Federal Court Reports
Standard format:
volume FedCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
79 FCR 594
79 F C R 594
79 F.C.R. 594
79 F. C. R. 594
79 FedCR 594
79 Fed CR 594
79 Fed C R 594
79 Fed.C.R. 594
79 Fed. C.R. 594
79 Fed. C. R. 594
79 Federal Court Reports 594

Financial Times Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume FTLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1986 1 FTLR 348
(1986) 1 FTLR 348
[1986] 1 FTLR 348
[1986] 1 F T L R 348
[1986] 1 F.T.L.R. 348
[1986] 1 F. T. L. R. 348
[1986] 1 Financial Times Law Reports 348

Fleet Street Reports
Standard format:
[year] F.S.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 FSR 497
(1993) F S R 497
[1993] F S R 497
[1993] F.S.R. 497
[1993] F. S. R. 497
[1993] Fleet Street Reports 497

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Case reports – G

Greens Weekly Digest
Standard format:
[year] GWD page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 GWD 112
(2007) GWD 112
[2007] GWD 112
[2007] G W D 112
[2007] G.W.D. 112
[2007] G. W. D. 112
[2007] Greens Weekly Digest 112

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Case reports – H

HMSO Tax Cases
Standard format:
(year) volume TC page
Examples of recognised formats:
65 TC 777
(1993) 65 TC 777
1993 65 T.C. 777
(1993) 65 T.C. 777
[1993] 65 T.C. 777
(1993) 65 T. C. 777
1993 65 HMSO Tax Cases 777
(1993) 65 HMSO Tax Cases 777
[1993] 65 HMSO Tax Cases 777
65 HMSO Tax Cases 777

The year is optional.

Housing Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] HLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 HLR 57
(2007) HLR 57
[2007] HLR 57
[2007] H L R 57
[2007] H.L.R. 57
[2007] H. L. R. 57
[2007] Housing Law Reports 57

Human Rights Law Reports – UK Cases
Standard format:
[year] HRLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 HRLR 91
(2001) HRLR 91
[2001] HRLR 91
[2001] H R L R 91
[2001] H.R.L.R. 91
[2001] H. R. L. R. 91
[2001] Human Rights Law Reports 91

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Case reports – I

Immigration Appeal Reports
Standard format:
[year] Imm AR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 Imm AR 62
(2002) Imm AR 62
[2002] Imm AR 62
[2002] Imm.A.R. 62
[2002] Imm. A.R. 62
[2002] Immigration Appeal Reports 62

Immigration and Nationality Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] INLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 INLR 342
(2001) INLR 342
[2001] INLR 342
[2001] I N L R 342
[2001] I.N.L.R. 342
[2001] I. N. L. R. 342
[2001] Immigration and Nationality Law Reports 342

Industrial Cases Reports
Standard format:
[year] I.C.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 ICR 957
(1995) I.C.R. 957
[1995] I.C.R. 957
[1995] I. C. R. 957
[1995] Industrial Cases Reports 957
Industrial Cases Reports 1995 p.957
Industrial Cases Reports 1995 p. 957

Industrial Relations Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] IRLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 IRLR 43
(2000) IRLR 43
[2000] IRLR 43
[2000] I.R.L.R. 43
[2000] I. R. L. R. 43
[2000] IR Law Reports 43
[2000] I.R. Law Reports 43
[2000] Industrial Relations Law Reports 43
(2000) Industrial Relations Law Reports 43

Inquest Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume Inquest LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2005 1 Inq LR 44
2005 1 Inq L.R. 44
2005 1 Inq L. R. 44
2005 1 Inq. LR 44
2005 1 Inq. L.R. 44
2005 1 Inq. L. R. 44
(2005) 1 Inquest LR 44
[2005] 1 Inquest LR 44
[2005] 1 Inquest L.R. 44
[2005] 1 Inquest L. R. 44
[2005] 1 Inquest Law Reports 44
2005 Inq LR 44
2005 Inq L.R. 44
2005 Inq L. R. 44
2005 Inq. LR 44
2005 Inq. L.R. 44
2005 Inq. L. R. 44
(2005) Inquest LR 44
[2005] Inquest LR 44
[2005] Inquest L.R. 44
[2005] Inquest L. R. 44
[2005] Inquest Law Reports 44

Intellectual Property and Technology
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 IP & T 1
(1999) IP & T 1
[1999] IP & T 1
[1999] I.P. & T. 1
[1999] I. P. & T 1
[1999] IP and T 1
[1999] I.P. and T. 1
[1999] I. P. and T 1
[1999] Intellectual Property and Technology 1
[1999] Intellectual Property & Technology 1

Intellectual Property Decisions
Standard format:
[year] volume I.P.D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] 29 IPD 7
[2006] 29 I P D 7
[2006] 29 I.P.D. 7
[2006] 29 I. P. D. 7
[2006] 29 Intellectual Property Decisions 7

International Law Reports
Standard format:
volume ILR page
Examples of recognised formats:
132 ILR 707
132 I L R 707
132 I.L.R. 707
132 IntlLR 707
132 Intl.L.R. 707
132 INTL 707
132 I N T L 707
132 I.N.T.L. 707
132 International Law Reports 707

International Litigation Procedure
Standard format:
[year] I.L.Pr. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1997 ILPR 343
(1997) I.L.Pr. 343
[1997] I.L.Pr. 343
[1997] I. L. Pr. 343
[1997] International Litigation Procedure 343

International Tax Law Reports
Standard format:
volume ITLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 ITLR 727
2 I.T.L.R. 727
2 International Tax LR 727
2 International Tax L. R. 727
2 International Tax Law Rep. 727
2 International Tax Law Reports 727

International Trusts and Estates Law Reports
Standard format:
volume ITELR page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 ITELR 45
4 I.T.E.L.R. 45
4 I. T. E. L. R. 45
4 IT&ELR 45
4 International Trust & Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trust & Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trust and Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trust and Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trust & Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trust & Estates Law Reports 45
4 International Trust and Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trust and Estates Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts & Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trusts & Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts and Estate L.R. 45
4 International Trusts and Estate Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts & Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trusts & Estates Law Reports 45
4 International Trusts and Estates L.R. 45
4 International Trusts and Estates Law Reports 45

Irish Jurist Reports (in Electronic Irish Digests)
Standard format:
[year] Ir.Jur.Rep. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1961 Ir.Jur. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur. 45
(1961) Ir.Jur.Rep. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur.Rep. 45
[1961] Ir. Jur. Rep. 45
[1961] Ir.Jur.(Rep.) 45
[1961] Irish Jurist Reports 45
[1961] Irish Jurist Reports 45

Irish Law Reports Monthly (also in Electronic Irish Digests)
Standard format:
[year] I.L.R.M. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 ILRM 557
(1993) I L R M 557
[1993] I.L.R.M. 557
[1993] I. L. R. M. 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557
[1993] Irish Law Reports Monthly 557

Irish Law Times Reports (in Electronic Irish Digests)
Standard format:
vol I.L.T.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
104 ILTR 171
104 I.L.T.R. 171
104 I. L. T. R. 171
104 Ir.L.T.Rep. 171
104 Irish Law Times Reports 171
104 Irish Law Times Reports 171

Irish Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume I.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1990 2 IR 17
(1990) 2 I.R. 17
[1990] 2 I.R. 17
[1990] 2 I. R. 17
[1990] 2 Irish Reports 17

Irish Tax Reports
Standard format:
year ITR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 ITR 57
(2001) ITR 57
[2001] ITR 57
2001 I.T.R. 57
2001 ITRep 57
2001 I.T.Rep. 57
2001 Irish Tax Rep. 57
2001 Irish Tax Reports 57
Standard format:
volume ITR page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 ITR 54
5 I.T.R. 54
5 ITRep 54
5 I.T.Rep. 54
5 Irish Tax Rep. 54
5 Irish Tax Reports 54

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Case reports – J

Justice of the Peace Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume JP page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 170 JP 17
(2006) 170 JP 17
[2006] 170 JP 17
[2006] 170 J P 17
[2006] 170 J.P. 17
[2006] 170 J. P. 17
[2006] 170 J.P.R. 17
[2006] 170 JP Law Reports 17
[2006] 170 J.P. Law Reports 17
[2006] 170 J. P. Law Reports 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace L.R. 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace L. R. 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace Law Rep. 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace Reports 17
[2006] 170 Justice of the Peace Law Reports 17
(2006) 170 Justice of the Peace Law Reports 17

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Case reports – L

Landlord and Tenant Reports
Standard format:
[year] L & TR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 L & TR 21
(2002) L & TR 21
[2002] L & TR 21
[2002] L.&T.R. 21
[2002] L. & T.R. 21
[2002] Landlord and Tenant Reports 21

Law Journal, Irish (in Electronic Irish Digests)
Standard format:
[year] L.J.Ir. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1934 LJI 108
[1934] L.J.I. 108
(1934) L.J.Ir. 108
[1934] L.J.Ir. 108
[1934] L. J. Ir. 108
(1934) L.J.Ir.R. 108

The Law Reports (First Series)
Standard format:
L.R. volume series page
Example of recognised formats:
L.R. 6 Exch 224
Complete list of formats

The Law Reports (Second Series)
Standard format:
volume series page
Example of recognised formats:
8 Q.B.D. 453
Complete list of formats

The Law Reports (Third Series)
Standard format:
[year] volume series page
Example of recognised formats:
[1995] 2 A.C. 75
Complete list of formats

Law Reports of the Commonwealth
Standard format:
[year] volume LRC page
Example of recognised formats:
2000 5 LRC 183
(2000) 5 LRC 183
[2000] 5 LRC 183
[2000] 5 L.R.C. 183
[2000] 5 L. R. C. 183
[2000] 5 LRComm 183
[2000] 5 L.R.Comm. 183
[2000] 5 L.R. Comm. 183
[2000] 5 Law Reports of the Commonwealth 183
(2000) 5 Law Reports of the Commonwealth 183

Law Times Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume LTR page
Example of recognised formats:
1947 176 LTR 517
[1947] 176 LTR 517
(1947) 176 LTR 517
(1947) 176 L T R 517
(1947) 176 L.T.R. 517
(1947) 176 L. T. R. 517
(1947) 176 LT 517
(1947) 176 L.T. 517
(1947) 176 LTRNS 517
(1947) 176 L.T.R.N.S. 517
(1947) 176 Law Times Reports 517
[1947] 176 Law Times Reports 517

Legal Decisions Affecting Bankers
Standard format:
volume LDAB page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 LDAB 328
4 L D A B 328
4 L.D.A.B. 328
4 L. D. A. B. 328
4 Legal Decisions Affecting Bankers 328

Lloyd’s Law Reports (1952–present)
Standard format:
[year] volume Lloyd's Rep. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 Lloyds Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyds Rep. 15
(1995) 2 Lloyd's Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 15
[1995] 2 Lloyds Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd's Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 15
[1995] 2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 15

Lloyd’s Law Reports (1919–1951)
Standard format:
(year) volume Ll. L. Rep. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1940 66 Ll.L.Rep. 89
(1940) 66 Ll.L.Rep. 89
[1940] 66 Ll.L.Rep. 89
66 Ll. Rep. 89
66 Ll. L. R. 89
66 Ll. L. Rep. 89
66 Ll. L. L. R. 89
66 Lloyds List L. R. 89
66 Lloyd's List L. R. 89
66 Lloyd’s List L. R. 89
66 Lloyd’s List L. R. 89

The year is optional.

Lloyd’s Law Reports: Banking (incorporating Banking Law Reports)
Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep Bank page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 Lloyd's Rep Bank 229
(2001) Lloyd's Rep Bank 229
[2001] Lloyd's Rep Bank 229
[2001] Lloyd's Rep.Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd's Rep. Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep.Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep. Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep.Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep. Bank. 229
[2001] Lloyd's Law Reports: Banking 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Banking 229
[2001] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Banking 229
Standard format:
[year] volume Bank LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1997 6 Bank LR 132
(1997) 6 Bank LR 132
[1997] 6 Bank LR 132
[1997] 6 Bank.L.R. 132
[1997] 6 Bank. L.R. 132
[1997] 6 Bank. L. R. 132
1997 6 Banking Law Reports 132
(1997) 6 Banking Law Reports 132
[1997] 6 Banking Law Reports 132

Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime
Standard format:
[year] Lloyds Rep FC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2008 Lloyds Rep FC 10
(2008) Lloyds Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyds Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd's Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 10
[2008] Lloyd's Law Reports: Financial Crime 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime 10
[2008] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Financial Crime 10

Lloyd’s Law Reports: Insurance and Reinsurance
Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2003] Lloyds RepIR 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep IR 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. I. R. 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. I. R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I. R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 1
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I. R. 1

Lloyd’s Law Reports: Professional Negligence
Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep PN page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 Lloyd's Rep PN 496
(1999) Lloyd's Rep PN 496
[1999] Lloyd's Rep PN 496
[1999] Lloyd's Rep.P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd's Rep. P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep.P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep.P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. 496
[1999] Lloyd's Law Reports: Professional Negligence 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Professional Negligence 496
[1999] Lloyd’s Law Reports: Professional Negligence 496

Lloyd’s Reinsurance Law Reports (1995–1997)
Standard format:
[year] L.R.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 LRLR 353
(1996) L.R.L.R. 353
[1996] L.R.L.R. 353
[1996] L. R. L. R. 353

Local Government Reports (from 2000 onwards)
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 LGR 302
(2000) LGR 302
[2000] LGR 302
[2000] L.G.R. 302
[2000] L. G. R. 302
2000 Local Government Reports 302
(2000) Local Government Reports 302
[2000] Local Government Reports 302

Local Government Reports (before 2000)
Standard format:
(year) volume LGR page
Examples of recognised formats:
96 LGR 262
96 L.G.R. 262
1998 96 LGR 262
[1998] 96 LGR 262
(1998) 96 LGR 262
(1998) 96 BLGR 262
(1998) 96 B L G R 262
(1998) 96 B.L.G.R. 262
(1998) 96 B. L. G. R. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths LGR 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths L. G. R. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths L.G.Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths L.G. Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths Local Gov. Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Butterworths Local Government Reports 262
(1998) 96 LGR 262
(1998) 96 L.G.R. 262
(1998) 96 L. G. R. 262
(1998) 96 LGRep 262
(1998) 96 L.G.Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Local Gov. Rep. 262
(1998) 96 Local Government Reports 262
[1998] 96 Local Government Reports 262
96 Local Government Reports 262

The year is optional.

LS Law Medical (formerly Lloyd's Rep. Medical and Medical Law Reports)
Standard format:
[year] LS Law Medical page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] LS Law Med 489
[2006] L S Law Med 489
[2006] L.S. Law Med. 489
[2006] L. S. Law Med. 489
[2006] LS Law Medical 489
[2006] L S Law Medical 489
[2006] L.S. Law Medical 489
[2006] L. S. Law Medical 489
Standard format:
[year] Lloyd's Rep. Med. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2003] Lloyds Rep Med 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. Med. 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep Med 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. Med. 1
[2003] Lloyds Rep. Medical 1
[2003] Lloyd's Rep. Medical 1
Standard format:
[year] volume Med LR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1996 7 Med LR 167
(1996) 7 Med LR 167
[1996] 7 Med LR 167
[1996] 7 Med. L.R. 167
[1996] 7 Med. L. R. 167
[1996] 7 Medical Law Reports 167

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Case reports – M

Mental Health Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume M.H.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 1 MHLR 110
(2001) 1 M.H.L.R. 110
[2001] 1 M.H.L.R. 110
[2001] 1 M. H. L. R. 110
2001 Mental Health Law Reports 110
(2001) Mental Health Law Reports 110
[2001] Mental Health Law Reports 110
[2001] 1 Mental Health Law Reports 110

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Case reports – N

New Property Cases
Standard format:
[year] NPC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 NPC 7
(2001) NPC 7
[2001] NPC 7
[2001] N P C 7
[2001] N.P.C. 7
[2001] N. P. C. 7
[2001] New Property Cases 7

Northern Ireland Reports (in Electronic Irish Digests)
Standard format:
[year] N.I. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1961 NI 65
(1961) N.I. 65
[1961] N.I. 65
[1961] N. I. 65

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Case reports – O

Occupational Pension Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] OPLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 OPLR 331
(1995) OPLR 331
[1995] OPLR 331
[1995] O.P.L.R. 331
[1995] O. P. L. R. 331
[1995] O.P. Law Rep. 331
[1995] OP Law Reports 331
[1995] O.P. Law Reports 331
[1995] Occupational Pension L.R. 331
[1995] Occupational Pension L. R. 331
[1995] Occupational Pension Law Reports 331
(1995) Occupational Pension Law Reports 331

Official Journal of the European Patent Office
Standard format:
[year] OJ EPO page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 OJ EPO 413
(2001) OJ EPO 413
[2001] OJ EPO 413
[2001] O.J. E.P.O. 413
[2001] Official Journal of the EPO 413
[2001] Official Journal of the European Patent Office 413

Offshore Financial Law Reports
Standard format:
volume OFLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 OFLR 285
1 O F L R 285
1 O.F.L.R. 285
1 O. F. L. R. 285
1 Offshore Financial L.R. 285
1 Offshore Financial Law Rep. 285
1 Offshore Financial Law Reports 285
Standard format:
volume OFLR(ITLR) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 OFLR(ITLR) 20
1 OFLR (ITLR) 20
1 O F L R I T L R 20
1 O.F.L.R.(I.T.L.R.) 20
1 O. F. L. R. (I. T. L. R.) 20
Standard format:
volume OFLR(ITELR) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 OFLR(ITELR) 152
1 OFLR (ITELR) 152
1 O F L R (I T E L R) 152
1 O.F.L.R.I.T.E.L.R. 152
1 O. F. L. R. (I. T. E. L. R.) 152

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Case reports – P

Palmer’s Company Cases
Standard format:
[year] PCC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1986 PCC 176
(1986) PCC 176
[1986] PCC 176
[1986] P C C 176
[1986] P.C.C. 176
[1986] P. C. C. 176
[1986] Palmer's Company Cases 176
[1986] Palmer’s Company Cases 176
[1986] Palmer’s Company Cases 176

Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports
Standard format:
[year] P.I.Q.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 PIQR 17
(2002) PIQR 17
[2002] PIQR 17
[2002] P I Q R 17
[2002] P.I.Q.R. 17
[2002] P.I.Q.R. P17
[2002] P. I. Q. R. 17
[2002] Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports 17
[2002] Personal Injuries and Quantum Reports P17
[2002] Personal Injury and Quantum Reports 17

Planning Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume PLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1993] 1 Planning Law Rep 142
[1993] 1 Planning Law Rep. 142
[1993] 1 Planning LR 142
[1993] 1 Planning L R 142
[1993] 1 Planning L.R. 142
[1993] 1 Planning L. R. 142
[1993] 1 Planning Law Reports 142
(1993) 1 Planning Law Reports 142
[1993] 1 Estates Gazette Planning Law Reports 142

Police Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume Police Law Reports page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 Police Law Reports 117
(2000) 1 Police Law Reports 117
[2000] 1 Police Law Reports 117
[2000] Police Law Reports 117
[2000] 1 Pol. L. R. 117
(2000) 1 Pol. L. R. 117
[2000] 1 Pol.L.R. 117
[2000] 1 PolLR 117
2000 1 PolLR 117

Prison Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume Prison Law Reports page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 Prison Law Reports 372
(2000) 1 Prison Law Reports 372
[2000] 1 Prison Law Reports 372
[2000] Prison Law Reports 372

Professional Negligence and Liability Reports
Standard format:
[year] P.N.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2005] PNLR 31
[2005] P N L R 31
2005 P.N.L.R. 31
(2005) P.N.L.R. 31
[2005] P.N.L.R. 31
[2005] P. N. L. R. 31

Publications of the European Court of Human Rights
Examples of recognised formats (1996 to present):
Reports 1997-V, p. 1856 (one complete reference)
Reports 1997-V, p. 1856, § 36 (paragraph numbers are ignored)
Reports 1997-V (no page number, retrieves all cases in volume V of 1997)
Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997-V, p. 1801 (one complete reference)

Publications of the European Court of Human Rights
Examples of recognised formats (1960 to 1995):
1988 Series A No. 139 p. 3
1988 Series A No. 139 p. 3, para. 30 (paragraph numbers are ignored)
1988 Series A No. 136-E p. 36
Series A No. 136-E p. 36
1988 Series A No. 136-E
24 April 1990 series a no. 176-b p. 36

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Case reports – Q

Quantum Reports
Standard format:
(year) volume(issue) QR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 99(6) QR 8
(1999) 99(6) QR 8
[1999] 99(6) QR 8
(1999) 99(6) Q R 8
(1999) 99(6) Q.R. 8
(1999) 99(6) Q. R. 8
(1999) 99(6) Quantum Reports 8

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Case reports – R

Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases
Standard format:
[year] RPC page
Examples of recognised formats:
1997 RPC 134
(1997) RPC 134
[1997] RPC 134
[1997] R.P.C. 134
[1997] R. P. C. 134
1997 Reports and Patent Cases 134
(1997) Reports and Patent Cases 134
[1997] Reports and Patent Cases 134
[1997] Reports & Patent Cases 134

Road Traffic Reports
Examples of recognised formats:
1970 RTR 135
(1970) RTR 135
[1970] RTR 135
[1970] R.T.R. 135
[1970] R. T. R. 135
1970 Road Traffic Reports 135
(1970) Road Traffic Reports 135
[1970] Road Traffic Reports 135

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Case reports – S

Scots Law Times
Standard format:
year SLT page
Examples of recognised formats:
2007 SLT 7
(2007) SLT 7
[2007] SLT 7
2007 S L T 7
2007 S.L.T. 7
2007 S. L. T. 7
2007 Sc.L.T. 7
2007 Scots Law Times 7

Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports)
Standard format:
year SLT (ShCt) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1982 SLT (ShCt) 26
(1982) SLT (ShCt) 26
[1982] SLT (ShCt) 26
1982 SLT (Sh Ct) 26
1982 S.L.T. (ShCt) 26
1982 S.L.T. (Sh Ct) 26
1982 Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports) 26
[1982] Scots Law Times (Sheriff Court Reports) 26

Scottish Case Digests
Standard format:
year SC(D) page/month
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 SC(D) 22/3
(2002) SC(D) 22/3
[2002] SC(D) 22/3
2002 SCD 22/3
2002 S.C.D. 22/3
2002 S.C.Dig. 22/3
2002 S. C. Dig. 22/3
2002 S C Digest 22/3
2002 S.C. Digest 22/3
2002 S C Digests 22/3
2002 S.C. Digests 22/3
2002 Scottish Cases Digests 22/3
2002 Scottish Case Digests 22/3
(2002) Scottish Case Digests 22/3
[2002] Scottish Case Digests 22/3

Scottish Civil Law Reports
Standard format:
year SCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 SCLR 23
(1999) SCLR 23
[1999] SCLR 23
1999 S.C.L.R. 23
1999 S.C.L. Rep. 23
1999 S. C. L. Rep. 23
1999 SCLReports 23
1999 S.C.L. Reports 23
1999 S. C. L. Reports 23
1999 Scottish Civil Law Rep. 23
1999 Scottish Civil Law Reports 23
(1999) Scottish Civil Law Reports 23
[1999] Scottish Civil Law Reports 23

Scottish Criminal Case Reports
Standard format:
year SCCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 SCCR 21
(1998) SCCR 21
[1998] SCCR 21
1998 S C C R 21
1998 S.C.C.R. 21
1998 S. C. C. R. 21
1998 SCCRep 21
1998 S.C.C.Rep. 21
1998 S.C.C. Rep. 21
1998 SCC Reports 21
1998 S.C.C.Reports 21
1998 S.C.C. Reports 21
1998 Scottish Criminal C.R. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal C. R. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Cases Rep. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Cases Reports 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Case Rep. 21
1998 Scottish Criminal Case Reports 21
(1998) Scottish Criminal Case Reports 21
[1998] Scottish Criminal Case Reports 21

Scottish Land Court Reports
Standard format:
year SLCR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 SLCR 116
(2001) SLCR 116
[2001] SLCR 116
2001 S L C R 116
2001 S.L.C.R. 116
2001 S. L. C. R. 116
2001 L.C. 116
2001 Sc.La.R. 116
2001 Scottish Land Court Reports 116
[2001] Scottish Land Court Reports 116

Session Cases
Standard format:
[year] J.C. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1937 JC 41
1937 J C 41
1937 J.C. 41
1937 J. C. 41
(1937) JC 41
(1937) J C 41
(1937) J.C. 41
(1937) J. C. 41
[1937] JC 41
[1937] J C 41
[1937] J.C. 41
[1937] J. C. 41
Standard format:
[year] S.C. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1943 SC 587
1943 S C 587
1943 S.C. 587
1943 S. C. 587
(1943) SC 587
(1943) S C 587
(1943) S.C. 587
(1943) S. C. 587
[1943] SC 587
[1943] S C 587
[1943] S.C. 587
[1943] S. C. 587
[1943] Session Cases 587
Standard format:
year SC(HL) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 SC(HL) 90
1998 SC (HL) 90
1998 S.C.(H.L.) 90
1998 S.C. (H.L.) 90
1998 S. C. (H. L.) 90
(1998) SC(HL) 90
(1998) SC (HL) 90
(1998) S.C.(H.L.) 90
(1998) S.C. (H.L.) 90
[1998] SC(HL) 90
[1998] SC (HL) 90
[1998] S.C.(H.L.) 90
[1998] S.C. (H.L.) 90
Standard format:
year SC(PC) page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 SC(PC) 105
2001 SC (PC) 105
2001 S.C.(P.C.) 105
2001 S.C. (P.C.) 105
2001 S. C. (P. C.) 105
(2001) SC(PC) 105
(2001) SC (PC) 105
(2001) S.C.(P.C.) 105
(2001) S.C. (P.C.) 105
[2001] SC(PC) 105
[2001] SC (PC) 105
[2001] S.C.(P.C.) 105
[2001] S.C. (P.C.) 105
Standard format:
volume F page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
4 F 27
4 F. 27
4 C.of S.5th Series 27
4 F Ct of Sess 27
4 Fraser 27
4 Fraser (Scot.) 27
4 Fraser's Court of Session Cases, 5th Series 27
1901 4 F 27
(1901) 4 F 27
(1901) 4 F. 27
(1901) 4 C.of S.5th Series 27
(1901) 4 F Ct of Sess 27
(1901) 4 Fraser 27
(1901) 4 Fraser (Scot.) 27
(1901) 4 Fraser's Court of Session Cases, 5th Series 27
[1901] 4 F 27
Standard format:
volume F(HL) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
2 F.(H.L.) 29
1898 2 F.(H.L.) 29
(1898) 2 F.(H.L.) 29
[1898] 2 F.(H.L.) 29
Standard format:
volume F(J) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
2 F(J) 39
2 F.(J.) 39
2 F.(J.C.) 39
1900 2 F(J) 39
(1900) 2 F(J) 39
(1900) 2 F.(J.) 39
(1900) 2 F.(J.C.) 39
[1900] 2 F(J) 39

Standard format:
volume R page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
20 R 414
20 R. 414
20 R.(Ct.of Sess.) 414
20 Rettie 414
(1893) 20 Rettie 414
(1893) 20 Rettie (Ct.of Sess.) 414
Standard format:
volume R(HL) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
25 R(HL) 42
25 R.(H.L.) 42
25 Rettie (HL) 42
(1898) 25 Rettie (HL) 42
(1898) 25 Rettie (H.L.) 42
Standard format:
volume R(J) page
(The year can be included, but is optional.)
Examples of recognised formats:
23 R(J) 77
23 R.(J.) 77
23 Rettie (J) 77
(1896) 23 Rettie (J) 77
(1896) 23 Rettie (J.) 77

Session Notes
Standard format:
[year] SN page
Examples of recognised formats:
1944 SN 56
(1944) SN 56
[1944] SN 56
[1944] S N 56
[1944] S.N. 56
[1944] S. N. 56
[1944] Sess.N. 56
[1944] Session Notes 56

Simon’s Tax Cases
Standard format:
[year] STC page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 STC 420
(2001) STC 420
[2001] STC 420
[2001] S.T.C. 420
[2001] S. T. C. 420
2001 Simons Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simons Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simons Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon's Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon's Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon's Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon’s Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon’s Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon’s Tax Cases 420
2001 Simon’s Tax Cases 420
(2001) Simon’s Tax Cases 420
[2001] Simon’s Tax Cases 420

Singapore Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume SLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2000 1 SLR 749
(2000) 1 SLR 749
[2000] 1 SLR 749
[2000] 1 S L R 749
[2000] 1 S.L.R. 749
[2000] 1 S. L. R. 749
[2000] 1 Singapore Law Reports 749
Standard format:
[year-year] SLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[1965-1968] SLR 85
[1965-1968] S L R 85
[1965-1968] S.L.R. 85
[1965-1968] S. L. R. 85
[1965-1968] Singapore Law Reports 85

Special Commissioners Decisions
Standard format:
[year] STC (SCD) page
Examples of recognised formats:
1998 SCD 278
(1998) SCD 278
[1998] SCD 278
[1998] S C D 278
[1998] S.C.D. 278
[1998] S. C. D. 278
1998 STC (SCD) 278
(1998) STC (SCD) 278
[1998] STC (SCD) 278
[1998] S T C (S C D) 278
[1998] S.T.C. (S.C.D.) 278
[1998] S. T. C. (S. C. D.) 278
[1998] Special Commissioners Decisions 278
(1998) Special Commissioners Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners' Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners’ Decisions 278
[1998] Special Commissioners’ Decisions 278

State Trials
Standard format:
volume St Tr page
Examples of recognised formats:
1 StTr 135
1 St Tr 135
1 St.Tr. 135
1 St. Tr. 135
1 State Tr 135
1 State Tr. 135
1 State Trials 135
1 CobStTr 135
1 Cob St Tr 135
1 Cob.St.Tr. 135
1 Cob. St. Tr. 135
1 CobbStTr 135
1 Cobb St Tr 135
1 Cobb.St.Tr. 135
1 Cobb. St. Tr. 135
1 HowStTr 135
1 How St Tr 135
1 How.St.Tr. 135
1 How. St. Tr. 135

The year can be included, but is optional.

State Trials New Series
Standard format:
volume St Tr NS page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 StTrNS 481
4 St Tr NS 481
4 St.Tr.NS. 481
4 St.Tr.N.S. 481
4 St. Tr. NS. 481
4 St. Tr. N.S. 481
4 St Tr (NS) 481
4 St.Tr.(N.S.) 481
4 St. Tr. (N.S.) 481

The year can be included, but is optional.

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Case reports – T

Technology and Construction Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] TCLR Tnumber
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] TCLR T3
[2006] T C L R T3
[2006] T.C.L.R. T3
[2006] T. C. L. R. T3
[2006] Technology and Construction Law Reports T3
Standard format:
[year] TCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
[2006] TCLR 55
[2006] T C L R 55
[2006] T.C.L.R. 55
[2006] T. C. L. R. 55
[2006] Technology and Construction Law Reports 55

The Times Law Reports
publication date in The Times
Examples of recognised formats:
Times 18 June 2001
Times June 18 2001
The Times 18th June 2001
The Times June 18th 2001
The Times on 18th June 2001
The Times on June 18th 2001
Times 18.6.2001
Times 18.06.2001
Times 23.6.97
Times 23.06.97
18/6/2001 Times Law Reports

Traffic Cases
Standard format:
(year) volume TraffCas page
Examples of recognised formats:
1956 31 TraffCas 1
(1956) 31 TraffCas 1
[1956] 31 TraffCas 1
(1956) 31 Traff Cas 1
(1956) 31 Traff.Cas. 1
(1956) 31 Traff. Cas. 1
(1956) 31 Traffic Cases 1

The year is optional.

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Case reports – U

UK Competition Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] UKCLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2002 UKCLR 160
(2002) UKCLR 160
[2002] UKCLR 160
[2002] U K C L R 160
[2002] U.K.C.L.R. 160
[2002] U. K. C. L. R. 160
[2002] UK C.L.R. 160
[2002] UK Competition Law Reports 160

United Kingdom Human Rights Reports
Standard format:
[year] UKHRR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 UKHRR 1275
(2001) UKHRR 1275
[2001] UKHRR 1275
[2001] U K H R R 1275
[2001] U.K.H.R.R. 1275
[2001] U. K. H. R. R. 1275
[2001] United Kingdom Human Rights Reports 1275

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Case reports – V

Value Added Tax and Duties Reports
Standard format:
[year] V & DR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2001 V & DR 286
(2001) V & DR 286
[2001] V & DR 286
[2001] V. & D.R. 286
[2001] Value Added Tax and Duties Reports 286

Value Added Tax Tribunal Reports
Standard format:
[year] VATTR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 VATTR 302
(1993) VATTR 302
[1993] VATTR 302
[1993] V A T T R 302
[1993] V.A.T.T.R. 302
[1993] V. A. T. T. R. 302
[1993] V.A.T.Trib.Rep. 302
[1993] Value Added Tax Tribunal Reports 302

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Case reports – W

Weekly Reporter
Standard format:
(year) volume WR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1872 21 WR 15
(1872) 21 WR 15
[1872] 21 WR 15
(1872) 21 W R 15
(1872) 21 W.R. 15
(1872) 21 W. R. 15
(1872) 21 Week.R. 15
(1872) 21 Week.Rep. 15
(1872) 21 Week.Reptr. 15
(1872) 21 Weekly Reporter 15
(1872) 21 Weekly Reporter (1853-1906) 15

The Weekly Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] volume W.L.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1999 3 WLR 1301
(1999) 3 W.L.R. 1301
[1999] 3 W.L.R. 1301
[1999] 3 W. L. R. 1301
[1999] 3 Weekly Law Reports 1301
[1999] 3 The Weekly Law Reports 1301
The Weekly Law Reports 1999 vol.3 p.1301
The Weekly Law Reports 1999 vol. 3 p. 1301

West Indies Law Reports
Standard format:
(year) volume WIR page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 49 WIR 39
(1995) 49 WIR 39
[1995] 49 WIR 39
(1995) 49 W I R 39
(1995) 49 W.I.R. 39
(1995) 49 WIRep. 39
(1995) 49 WI Rep 39
(1995) 49 W.I. Rep. 39
(1995) 49 W. I. Rep. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies LR 39
(1995) 49 West Indies L.R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies L. R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indian LR 39
(1995) 49 West Indian L.R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indian L. R. 39
(1995) 49 West Indian Rep. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies Rep. 39
(1995) 49 West Indies Law Reports 39
[1995] 49 West Indies Law Reports 39
(1995) 49 West Indian Law Reports 39

Wills & Trusts Law Reports
Standard format:
[year] WTLR page
Examples of recognised formats:
2006 WTLR 823
(2006) WTLR 823
[2006] WTLR 823
[2006] W T L R 823
[2006] W.T.L.R. 823
[2006] W. T. L. R. 823
[2006] Wills & Trusts Law Reports 823

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Case Reports – The Law Reports

The Law Reports – First Series (1865–1875)

Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Cases (volumes 1–4)
Standard format:
L.R. volume A.&E. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 1 A&E 314
L.R. 1 A.&E. 314
L. R. 1 A. & E. 314
L.R. 1 Adm. & Ecc. 314
LR (1867) 1 A&E 314
L.R. (1867) 1 A.&E. 314
L. R. (1867) 1 A. & E. 314
L.R. (1867) 1 Adm. & Ecc. 314
(1867) LR 1 A&E 314
(1867) L.R. 1 A.&E. 314
(1867) L. R. 1 A. & E. 314
(1867) L.R. 1 Adm. & Ecc. 314

Chancery Appeal Cases (volumes 1–10)
Standard format:
L.R. volume Ch.App. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 Ch 22
L.R. 10 Ch. 22
LR 10 Ch App 22
L.R. 10 Ch.App. 22
LR (1874) 10 Ch 22
L.R. (1874) 10 Ch. 22
LR (1874) 10 Ch App 22
L.R. (1874) 10 Ch.App. 22
(1874) LR 10 Ch 22
(1874) L.R. 10 Ch. 22
(1874) LR 10 Ch App 22
(1874) L.R. 10 Ch.App. 22

Common Pleas (volumes 1–10)
Standard format:
L.R. volume C.P. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 CP 166
L.R. 10 C.P. 166
L. R. 10 C. P. 166
LR (1875) 10 CP 166
L.R. (1875) 10 C.P. 166
L. R. (1875) 10 C. P. 166
(1875) LR 10 CP 166
(1875) L.R. 10 C.P. 166
(1875) L. R. 10 C. P. 166

Crown Cases Reserved (volumes 1–2)
Standard format:
L.R. volume C.C.R. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 1 CC 125
L.R. 1 C.C. 125
L. R. 1 C. C. 125
LR 1 CrC 125
L.R. 1 Cr.C. 125
L. R. 1 Cr. C. 125
LR 1 CCR 125
L.R. 1 C.C.R. 125
L. R. 1 C. C. R. 125
LR (1868) 1 CC 125
L.R. (1868) 1 C.C. 125
L. R. (1868) 1 C. C. 125
LR (1868) 1 CrC 125
L.R. (1868) 1 Cr.C. 125
L. R. (1868) 1 Cr. C. 125
LR (1868) 1 CCR 125
L.R. (1868) 1 C.C.R. 125
L. R. (1868) 1 C. C. R. 125
(1868) LR 1 CC 125
(1868) L.R. 1 C.C. 125
(1868) L. R. 1 C. C. 125
(1868) LR 1 CrC 125
(1868) L.R. 1 Cr.C. 125
(1868) L. R. 1 Cr. C. 125
(1868) LR 1 CCR 125
(1868) L.R. 1 C.C.R. 125
(1868) L. R. 1 C. C. R. 125

Equity Cases (volumes 1–20)
Standard format:
L.R. volume Eq. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 20 Eq 383
L.R. 20 Eq. 383
L. R. 20 Eq. 383
LR (1875) 20 Eq 383
L.R. (1875) 20 Eq. 383
L. R. (1875) 20 Eq. 383
(1875) LR 20 Eq 383
(1875) L.R. 20 Eq. 383
(1875) L. R. 20 Eq. 383

Exchequer (volumes 1–10)
Standard format:
L.R. volume Exch. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 Ex 274
L.R. 10 Ex. 274
L. R. 10 Ex. 274
LR 10 Exch 274
L.R. 10 Exch. 274
L. R. 10 Exch. 274
LR (1875) 10 Ex 274
L.R. (1875) 10 Ex. 274
L. R. (1875) 10 Ex. 274
LR (1875) 10 Exch 274
L.R. (1875) 10 Exch. 274
L. R. (1875) 10 Exch. 274
(1875) LR 10 Ex 274
(1875) L.R. 10 Ex. 274
(1875) L. R. 10 Ex. 274
(1875) LR 10 Exch 274
(1875) L.R. 10 Exch. 274
(1875) L. R. 10 Exch. 274

House of Lords (volumes 1–7)
Standard format:
L.R. volume H.L. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 6 HL 434
L.R. 6 H.L. 434
L. R. 6 H. L. 434
LR (1873) 6 HL 434
L.R. (1873) 6 H.L. 434
L. R. (1873) 6 H. L. 434
(1873) LR 6 HL 434
(1873) L.R. 6 H.L. 434
(1873) L. R. 6 H. L. 434

Privy Council (volumes 1–6)
Standard format:
L.R. volume P.C. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 2 PC 88
L.R. 2 P.C. 88
L. R. 2 P. C. 88
LR (1868) 2 PC 88
L.R. (1868) 2 P.C. 88
L. R. (1868) 2 P. C. 88
(1868) LR 2 PC 88
(1868) L.R. 2 P.C. 88
(1868) L. R. 2 P. C. 88

Probate and Divorce (volumes 1–3)
Standard format:
L.R. volume P. & D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 2 P&D 420
L.R. 2 P.&D. 420
L. R. 2 P. & D. 420
LR (1872) 2 P&D 420
L.R. (1872) 2 P.&D. 420
L. R. (1872) 2 P. & D. 420
(1872) LR 2 P&D 420
(1872) L.R. 2 P.&D. 420
(1872) L. R. 2 P. & D. 420

Queen’s Bench (volumes 1–10)
Standard format:
L.R. volume Q.B. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 10 QB 140
L.R. 10 Q.B. 140
L. R. 10 Q. B. 140
LR (1875) 10 QB 140
L.R. (1875) 10 Q.B. 140
L. R. (1875) 10 Q. B. 140
(1875) LR 10 QB 140
(1875) L.R. 10 Q.B. 140
(1875) L. R. 10 Q. B. 140

Scotch and Divorce Appeals in the House of Lords (volumes 1–2)
Standard format:
L.R. volume Sc.&Div. page
Examples of recognised formats:
LR 1 Sc&Div 145
L.R. 1 Sc.&Div. 145
L. R. 1 Sc. & Div. 145
L.R. 1 H.L.Sc. 145
L. R. 1 H. L. Sc. 145
LR (1867) 1 Sc&Div 145
L.R. (1867) 1 Sc.&Div. 145
L. R. (1867) 1 Sc. & Div. 145
L.R. (1867) 1 H.L.Sc. 145
L. R. (1867) 1 H. L. Sc. 145
(1867) LR 1 Sc&Div 145
(1867) L.R. 1 Sc.&Div. 145
(1867) L. R. 1 Sc. & Div. 145
(1867) L.R. 1 H.L.Sc. 145
(1867) L. R. 1 H. L. Sc. 145

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The Law Reports – Second Series (1875–1890)

Appeal Cases (volumes 1–15)
Standard format:
volume App.Cas. page
Examples of recognised formats:
3 AppCas 459
3 App.Cas. 459
3 App. Cas. 459
(1879) 3 AppCas 459
(1879) 3 App.Cas. 459
(1879) 3 App. Cas. 459

Chancery Division (volumes 1–45)
Standard format:
volume Ch. D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
42 ChD 436
42 Ch.D. 436
42 Ch. D. 436
(1889) 42 ChD 436
(1889) 42 Ch.D. 436
(1889) 42 Ch. D. 436

Common Pleas Division (volumes 1–5)
Standard format:
volume C.P.D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
4 CPD 39
4 C.P.D. 39
4 C. P. D. 39
(1878) 4 CPD 39
(1878) 4 C.P.D. 39
(1878) 4 C. P. D. 39

Exchequer Division (volumes 1–5)
Standard format:
volume Ex.D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 ExD 319
5 Ex.D. 319
5 Ex. D. 319
(1880) 5 ExD 319
(1880) 5 Ex.D. 319
(1880) 5 Ex. D. 319

Probate Division (volumes 1–15)
Standard format:
volume P.D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
2 PD 243
2 P.D. 243
2 P. D. 243
(1877) 2 PD 243
(1877) 2 P.D. 243
(1877) 2 P. D. 243

Queen’s Bench Division (volumes 1–25)
Standard format:
volume Q.B.D. page
Examples of recognised formats:
5 QBD 284
5 Q.B.D. 284
5 Q. B. D. 284
(1880) 5 QBD 284
(1880) 5 Q.B.D. 284
(1880) 5 Q. B. D. 284

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The Law Reports – Third Series (1891–present day)

Volume numbers are used only if more than one volume is needed in a particular year.

Appeal Cases
Standard format:
[year] volume A.C. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1995 2 AC 75
(1995) 2 A.C. 75
[1995] 2 A.C. 75
[1995] 2 Appeal Cases 75
The Law Reports ; Appeal Cases 1995 vol.2 p.75
The Law Reports ; Appeal Cases 1995 vol. 2 p. 75

Chancery
Standard format:
[year] volume Ch. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1993 Ch 372
(1993) Ch. 372
[1993] Ch. 372
[1993] Chancery 372
[1993] Chancery Division 372
[1993] 1 Chancery Division 372
The Law Reports ; Chancery Division 1993 p.372
The Law Reports ; Chancery Division 1993 p. 372

Family (since 1972)
Standard format:
[year] volume Fam. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1980 Fam 99
(1980) Fam. 99
[1980] Fam. 99
[1980] Family 99
[1980] Family Division 99
[1980] 1 Family Division 99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 p.99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 p. 99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 vol.1 p.99
The Law Reports ; Family Division 1980 vol. 1 p. 99

King’s Bench
Standard format:
[year] volume K.B. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1948 2 KB 116
(1948) 2 K.B. 116
[1948] 2 K.B. 116
[1948] 2 K. B. 116
[1948] 2 Kings Bench 116
[1948] 2 Kings Bench Division 116
[1948] 2 King's Bench 116
[1948] 2 King's Bench Division 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench Division 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench 116
[1948] 2 King’s Bench Division 116
The Law Reports ; Kings Bench Division 1948 vol.2 p.116
The Law Reports ; Kings Bench Division 1948 vol. 2 p. 116

Probate (only till 1971)
Standard format:
[year] volume P. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1968 P 618
(1968) P. 618
[1968] P. 618
[1968] Probate 618
[1968] Probate Division 618
[1968] 1 Probate Division 618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 p.618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 p. 618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 vol.1 p.618
The Law Reports ; Probate Division 1968 vol. 1 p. 618

Queen’s Bench
Standard format:
[year] volume Q.B. page
Examples of recognised formats:
1991 2 QB 480
(1991) 2 Q.B. 480
[1991] 2 Q.B. 480
[1991] 2 Q. B. 480
[1991] 2 Queens Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queens Bench Division 480
[1991] 2 Queen's Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queen's Bench Division 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench Division 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench 480
[1991] 2 Queen’s Bench Division 480
The Law Reports ; Queens Bench Division 1991 vol.2 p.480
The Law Reports ; Queens Bench Division 1991 vol. 2 p. 480

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Case reports – neutral citations

Neutral citations are unique references to judgments that are independent of any printed case report series, and can also be used to locate transcripts in JustCite. For example:

[2002] EWHC 317 (Fam)

JustCite can recognise neutral citations in the standard formats, and also in variants with and without brackets, parentheses and full stops, for example:

2002 EWHC 317 Fam
2002 E.W.H.C. 317 (Fam)
(2002) EWHC 317 Fam
[2002] EWHC 317 (Fam.)

Neutral citations – United Kingdom

Neutral citations were introduced in the U.K. by Practice Direction (Judgments: Form and Citation), [2001] 1 WLR 194 and came into effect on 11th January 2001.

With effect from 14th January 2002, neutral citations were extended to all judgments given by judges in the High Court in London, using a number provided from a register kept at the High Court, as set out in Practice Direction (Judgments: Neutral Citations), [2002] 1 WLR 346. The formats are:

Court Citation format
Court of Appeal (Civil Division) [2001] EWCA Civ 989
Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) [2001] EWCA Crim 168
High Court (Administrative Court) Before 14th January 2002:
[2001] EWHC Admin 294
From 14th January 2002:
[2002] EWHC 396 (Admin)
High Court (Admiralty Court) [2002] EWHC 370 (Admlty)
High Court (Chancery Division) [2002] EWHC 367 (Ch)
High Court (Commercial Court) [2003] EWHC 687 (Comm)
High Court (Family Division) [2002] EWHC 2734 (Fam)
High Court (Patents Court) [2004] EWHC 482 (Patent)
High Court (Queen’s Bench Division) [2003] EWHC 1830 (QB)
High Court (Technology and
Construction Court)		 [2003] EWHC 2114 (TCC)
House of Lords [2001] UKHL 37
Privy Council [2001] UKPC 30
Privy Council (devolution in Scotland) [2001] UKPC D2

JustCite can recognize some variations of court names, such as “Pat” instead of “Patent”.

This ability to recognise variations of court names also allows JustCite to recognise neutral citations where more than one court is represented in the citation, for example:

[2002] EWHC 18 (Fam/Admin)

Neutral citations – Australia

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the High Court, the Federal Court and the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia.

Court Citation format
Federal Court [2005] FCA 1242
Federal Court: Full Court [2005] FCAFC 162
Federal Magistrates Court [2006] FMCA 1767
High Court [2006] HCA 3

Neutral citations – Singapore

JustCite can recognise neutral citations of cases from the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Federal Court of Singapore.

Court Citation format
Court of Appeal [2006] SGCA 28
Federal Court [1965] SGFC 11
High Court [1993] SGHC 101

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Case reports – case names

JustCite can recognise full case names, such as “Reg. v. Fulling”, and words from case names, such as “Fulling”. Do not include “ver.” or “versus” when searching for a case name.

For a full case name, the spelling in the reference must match that in the original document. Therefore if the reference is “Reg. v. Fulling”, then this will not match “R. v. Fulling” or “Regina v. Fulling”.

It can be better to use words for which the spelling is certain. For example “Fulling” would retrieve “R. v. Fulling”, “Reg. ver. Fulling” or “Regina versus Fulling”.

If you need to include the crown as one of the parties, use:

(r or reg or regina or "the queen" or rex or "the crown")

Words in case names are not case-sensitive, and so proper names such as “Fulling” do not have to be entered with a capital letter.

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28th April 2008